U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
The personnel situation had grown critical. After being completely
routed, the ROK troops were now in process of reorganization into five
divisions. Meanwhile, the U. S. 25th Infantry Division was being sent
to Korea as rapidly as possible; and it had been decided to withdraw
the 1st Cavalry Division from consideration as the landing force of
the proposed Inchon operation. Not only were these troops lacking in
amphibious training, but they were needed as infantry reinforcements.
Thus it was planned for the combat-loaded 1st Cavalry Division to make
a landing at the East Coast port of Pohang-dong, under the direction of
ComPhibGru One and Mobile Training Team Able, before proceeding to the
front. This would leave only the 7th Infantry Division in Japan, and it
was being stripped of troops to fill out units of the other three.
The outweighed UN forces were still limited to delaying actions. But
General MacArthur hoped that space could be traded for time until
the arrival of stateside units enabled him to take the offensive. At
his urgent request, the 2d Infantry Division and 2d Engineer Special
Brigade had been alerted in the United States for immediate movement to
the Far East. Port dates commencing on 20 July had been assigned, and
General Wright expressed his opinion that these units might be employed
along with the recently activated 1st Provisional Marine Brigade to
initiate the first UN counterstroke.[21]
[21] CG FMFPac memo to CMC, 11 Jul 50.
The only hope of an early UN decision, General MacArthur told CG FMFPac
at their conference of 10 July, lay in the launching of an amphibious
assault to cut supply lines in the enemy’s rear. This situation,
he added, reminded him of the critical days of World War II in the
Pacific, when troops trained in amphibious techniques were urgently
needed to make ship-to-shore landings on Japanese-held islands.
In a reminiscent mood, MacArthur recalled the competence shown by the
1st Marine Division while under his control during the New Britain
operation of 1943–1944. If only he had this unit in Japan, he said, he
would employ it at his first opportunity as his landing force for the
Inchon assault.
Shepherd, who had been assistant division commander of the 1st Marine
Division during the New Britain landings, immediately suggested that
the UN supreme commander make a request that the 1st Marine Division
with appropriate Marine air be assigned to him. This possibility had
apparently been put aside by MacArthur after being limited to an RCT in
his request of 2 July. He asked eagerly if the Marine general believed
that the division could be made available for an Inchon landing as
early as 15 September. And Shepherd replied that since the unit was
under his command, he would take the responsibility for stating that it
could be sent to Korea by that date, minus the infantry regiment and
other troops of the Brigade.[22]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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