U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
As a prerequisite, the sanction of Congress and authorization of the
President had to be obtained before the Marine Corps Reserve could be
mobilized. General MacArthur’s request of 10 July for a Marine division
went to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who referred it to General Cates.
The Commandant could only reply that it would be necessary to call out
the Reserve, and no action was taken on this first request. It was
enough that a beginning had been made, and CMC put his staff to work on
the necessary studies and plans.
General Shepherd was meanwhile winding up his visit to Tokyo by
conferring with Admirals Joy and Doyle and Generals Almond and
Stratemeyer. The Air Force general tentatively confirmed (subject to
discussion with his staff) the assignment of Itami Airfield in Japan
to Marine air units. He also informed CG FMFPac that he accepted as
valid the principle of employing Marine air in support of Marine ground
forces.[26]
[26] CG FMFPac memo to CMC, 11 Jul 50.
The air situation in Korea had struck General Shepherd as abounding
in paradoxes. He noted that “B-29’s are employed against tactical
targets to the dissatisfaction of all concerned--the Air Force because
of misemployment of its planes, and the ground forces because of the
results achieved. Carrier aircraft, despite the wealth of close support
targets available, were committed against deep and semi-strategic
targets. Jet fighters, with little enemy air to engage, have been
assigned to close support work despite a fuel restriction which holds
them to no more than 15 minutes in the combat zone. Only a very limited
number of aircraft adaptable to tactical support missions are available
(F-51 and B-26) and there appears to be urgent need for suitable close
support aircraft along with competent air-ground liaison units.”[27]
[27] _Ibid._
These conclusions had much to do with a Marine policy, dating back
to World War II, of insisting whenever possible on Marine close air
support for Marine ground forces. Without disparaging other techniques,
Marines believed that their own fliers, trained in Marine infantry
methods, could provide the most effective tactical air for Marine
infantry.
_Planning for the Pohang Landing_
While General Shepherd was flying back to Pearl Harbor, a succession
of sleepless nights awaited the officers of PhibGru One, the ANGLICO
group, and Training Team Able. Upon the shoulders of these amphibious
specialists fell the task of drawing up the orders, planning the
loading, and mounting out the troops of the 1st Cavalry Division for
its landing of 18 July at Pohang-dong.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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