U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
It was not even certain, when the division commenced loading at
Yokohama on 14 July, that Pohang-dong could be held by the ROKs long
enough for a landing to be effected. Three reinforced NKPA divisions
were making the enemy’s main thrust down the Seoul-Taejon axis. They
were opposed only by weary 24th Infantry Division units fighting
delaying actions while falling back on Taejon and the line of the river
Kum. Along the east coast and the mountains of the central sector,
five regrouped and reorganized ROK divisions held as best they could.
Two of these units in the center were being relieved by the U. S. 25th
Infantry Division, which completed its movement to Korea on the 14th.
As a preliminary step in the Pohang landing, a reconnaissance party of
Army, Navy, and Marine officers flew from Tokyo on 11 July into the
objective area. They returned two days later with valuable information
about the beaches, depths of water, and unloading facilities.
“Because of the extraordinary speed with which the landing at
Pohang-dong was conceived, planned, and executed,” said the report of
ComPhibGru One, “there was no opportunity for conventional and orderly
planning.... Since all echelons of the planning force were installed
in offices at GHQ in Tokyo, it was possible to employ the quickest
and most informal ways of doing business. Telephone conversations and
oral directives were used in place of dispatches, letters, and formal
orders.”[28]
[28] PacFlt _Interim Rpt No. 1_, XV: Able Able.
Lack of amphibious shipping in the area made it a Herculean labor to
provide boat servicing gear, general securing gear, debarkation nets,
towing bridles, and boat and vehicle slings in less than a week. By 14
July, however, enough shipping to move the four embarkation groups of
the division had been assembled at Yokohama--two MSTS transports, two
AKAs, six LSUs, and 16 LSTs in addition to LCVPs and LCMs.
The transport group and screen got under way on the 15th for a
rendezvous near the objective area on D-day with the tractor group.
Naval aircraft of Rear Admiral John M. Hoskins’ carrier group of the
Seventh Fleet were on call to provide support; but at 0558 on the
18th, the armada was unopposed as it steamed into Yongil Bay. CTF 90
signaled orders for the carrying out of Plan Baker, calling for a
landing against little or no enemy resistance. By midnight the _Mount
McKinley_, _Union_, _Oglethorpe_, and _Titania_ had been completely
unloaded, and the LSTs had accounted for 60 per cent of their cargoes.
Altogether, 10,027 troops, 2,022 vehicles, and 2,729 tons of bulk cargo
were put ashore on D-day.
The Second Echelon consisted of six LSTs, three APs, and four Japanese
freighters, while six LSTs made up the Third Echelon. These ships
discharged their cargo from 23 to 29 July, having been delayed by
Typhoon GRACE. And on the 30th, ComPhibGru One, as CTF 90, reported
that the operation had been completed and no naval units were now at
the objective.[29]
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