U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir CampaignMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir Campaign
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
As a result of discussions during a X Corps staff conference on 13
October, a party headed by General Almond flew to Wonsan the next
day.[64] The purpose of his visit was to reconnoiter the objective
and to explain his latest operational directive to the I ROK Corps
commander, who would come under his control.[65] This new order,
published on the 14th, called for an administrative landing by X
Corps and a rapid advance westward along the Wonsan--Pyongyang axis
to a juncture with EUSAK. Assigned to the 1st Marine Division was an
objective northeast of Pyongyang, the Red capital.[66]
[64] “... Division [1stMarDiv] Advance Parties were flown
to Wonsan in accordance with a definite plan which
materialized just before we set sail from Inchon. As a
matter of fact the personnel for these parties and even
some of the jeeps were already loaded out and had to be
removed from the shipping prior to our sailing.” Col A.
L. Bowser, Comments, n. d.
[65] CG’s Diary Extracts in X Corps _WD_, 10–25 Oct 50; Smith,
_Chronicle_, 59.
[66] X Corps _Operation Instruction_ (_OI_) _11_, 14 Oct 50;
Smith, _Notes_, 385.
It was this tactical scheme, then, that prevailed as the Marines
departed Inchon from 15 to 17 October and the 7th Infantry Division
prepared to embark from Pusan. General Smith, of course, placed into
effect his alternate order for a landing on RED Beach.[67] While there
may be a note of humor in the fact that on 15 October ComPhibGruOne
issued his OpnO 16-50 for the “assault landing” at Wonsan, it must be
remembered that the ship-to-shore movement would remain essentially
the same from the Navy’s standpoint, regardless of the swift march of
events ashore.
[67] According to General Smith, “The reason for issuing
1stMarDiv OpnO 17-50 was to provide for an administrative
landing in sheltered waters just north of Wonsan where
there would be easy access to the existing road net. The
ship-to-shore movement provided for in 1stMarDiv OpnO
16-50 was retained intact. This plan [OpnO 17-50] had
to be dropped when it was found that Wonsan Harbor was
completely blocked by mines, and that it would be much
quicker to clear the approaches to the Kalma Peninsula
where we eventually landed ... 1stMarDiv dispatch [1450
24 Oct] cancelled both 1stMarDiv OpnOs 16 and 17 and
provided for an administrative landing on the Kalma
Peninsula as directed by CTF 90.” Gen O. P. Smith ltr to
authors, 3 Feb 56. Hereafter, unless otherwise stated,
letters may be assumed to be to the authors.
_Two Weeks of Mine Sweeping_
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