(3) _that the Corps Commander firm up his line by 20 September and to plan no further offensives after that date_, as it was unprofitable to continue the bitter operation.[294] [294] EUSAK _Cmd Rpt_, Sep 51, 47. Other sources for this chapter are comments and criticisms by the following officers, all but one of whom are U.S. Marines. Ranks in each instance are those held at the time of interview or correspondence. General J. A. Van Fleet, USA (Ret.); General G. C. Thomas, Lieutenant General J. T. Selden; Brigadier Generals V. H. Krulak, S. S. Wade, R. G. Weede; Colonels G. P. Groves, B. T. Hemphill, K. L. McCutcheon, J. H. Tinsley, F. B. Nihart, G. D. Gayle, W. P. Mitchell, J. F. Stamm, F. P. Hager, Jr.; Lieutenant Colonels H. W. Edwards, J. G. Kelly; Major R. L. Autry. [Illustration: EUSAK DISPOSITIONS 20 SEPTEMBER 1951 MAP 19] Italics have been added to emphasize the importance of 20 September 1951 as the turning point when a warfare of position replaced a warfare of movement throughout the remaining 22 months of the conflict in Korea. There are few dates as important in the entire history of the war. General Van Fleet reiterated his instructions on the 18th in a confirming directive to the effect that X Corps continue making limited attacks “until 20 September, after which ... units were to firm up the existing line and to patrol vigorously forward of it.”[295] [295] EUSAK _Cmd Rpt_, Sep 51, 53. _Sectors of Major_ EUSAK _Units_ At this turning point the Eighth Army had 14 divisions from four corps committed along a 125-mile front across the peninsula. These units were distributed (Map 19) as follows: U.S. I CORPS _ROK 1st Division_ holding the left anchor in the Munsan-ni area and controlling the 5th KMC Battalion on the Kimpo Peninsula; _British 1st Commonwealth Division_ across the river Imjin to the northeast; _U.S. 1st Cavalry Division_ (Greek and Thai Battalions attached) still farther to the northeast in the Yonchon area; _U.S. 3rd Infantry Division_ (Belgian Battalion and Philippine 20th BCT attached) having the responsibility for the vital Chorwon area; U.S. IX CORPS _U.S. 25th Infantry Division_ (Turkish Brigade attached) defending the area west of Kumhwa; _ROK 2d Division_ holding a sector east of Kumhwa; _U.S. 7th Infantry Division_ (Ethiopian Battalion attached) on the right; _ROK 6th Division_ with a narrow sector as far east as the Pukhan River, the Corps boundary; _U.S. 24th Infantry Division_ (Colombian Battalion attached) in Corps reserve south of Hwachon; U.S. X CORPS _ROK 8th Division_ on the left flank; _U.S. 2d Infantry Division_ (French and Netherlands Battalions attached) in left-central portion of Corps front; _ROK 5th Division_ occupying a narrow sector to the east;