U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front — John Shaqi
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central FrontMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
The hub of the Air Force system was the Tactical Air Control Center
(TACC) of the Fifth Air Force-EUSAK Joint Operations Center (JOC),
known by the code name MELLOW. An aviator coming on duty called up
MELLOW and received his instructions from JOC.
FACs were assigned to U.S. Army and British units down to corps,
division, and regimental levels, and to ROK corps and divisions.
Further assignment to smaller front line units was possible but
entailed a good deal of time and advance planning. And even the most
urgent requests had to be channeled through division and regimental
levels to JOC for approval.
If a Marine FAC wasn’t able to control an air strike visually because
of terrain conditions, he called for a “tactical air coordinator,
airborne” (TACA) to locate the target from the air and direct
planes to the attack. The Fifth Air Force also used special airborne
coordinators. Known as “Mosquitoes,” they flew low-winged, two-seater
North American training planes, designated T-6s by the Air Force and
SNJs by the Navy.
This plan was capable under favorable circumstances of providing the
Fifth Air Force-EUSAK tactical air control system with a mobile and
flexible means of directing air power at the front. Its chief weakness,
according to Marine doctrine, lay in the separation of air power from
ground force control. The Air Force claimed the advantage of projecting
tactical air power deep into enemy territory; but as the Marines saw
it, this was deep or interdictory support, and not to be compared to
genuine close air support.
_X Corps Conference at Kyongju_
The command and staff of the 1st Marine Division could only speculate
during this interim period as to what the near future might hold for
them. Rumors had been circulated, during the first week at Masan, that
the Division would be employed as rearguard to cover an Eighth Army
withdrawal from Korea, with Pusan serving as the port of debarkation.
And while plans cannot be made on a basis of rumor, General Smith and
Colonel Bowser went so far as to discuss the possibility seriously. At
last, on 24 December, a more definite prospect loomed when the EUSAK
staff requested the Division to furnish logistical data for a move by
rail and truck to Wonju, some 130 miles north of Masan.
It was not known whether an actual move was contemplated or the
intention was merely to have available a plan for future use if the
occasion warranted. General Smith sent the data but added a strong
recommendation to the effect that any commitment of the Division be
postponed until it was re-equipped and strengthened by replacements.[21]
[21] 1stMarDiv _HD_ Dec 50, 12–13; Smith, _Notes_, 1258–1259.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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