U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front — John Shaqi
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central FrontMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
MacIntyre exercised his prerogative as squadron commander to fly the
unit’s first combat mission on 17 December. He was not, however, the
first Marine aviator to pilot a jet in combat. That distinction went to
Captain Leslie E. Brown on 9 September 1950. Assigned to the Fifth Air
Force’s 8th Fighter-Bomber Squadron as an exchange pilot, he made the
first of several routine flights with an F-80 Shooting Star.
On 20 December, 17 officers and 51 enlisted men arrived at K-9 to boost
VMF-311’s total to 27 officer pilots and 95 enlisted men. Under Fifth
Air Force control, they were employed to attack suspected CCF troop
shelters, entrenchments, and gun positions on the eve of the expected
enemy offensive. Missions of the jet planes averaged 12 a day at the
end of the month.
_The Air Force System of Control_
It was seldom realized in the middle of the twentieth century that for
the first time since the Middle Ages, a single human being represented
in his person a decisive tactical unit. Just as the mailed knight on
his barded charger had ruled the battlefields of the medieval world,
so did the pilot of a modern aircraft have the power to put an enemy
battalion to flight with napalm, or to knock out an enemy stronghold
with a 500-pound bomb.
[Illustration: MAP 3
COMBAT AIR BASES
KOREA-JAPAN]
A great deal depended, of course, on how the lightning of this human
thunderbolt was controlled. The Marine Corps and the Air Force had
different ideas on the subject. At the foundation of the Marine system
was the concept that the needs of the ground forces came first,
and control of air support should be exercised by the troops being
supported. In each Marine infantry battalion a tactical air control
party (TACP) included two aviators--one to be employed as a forward air
controller (FAC) at the front, and the other as an air liaison officer
in the battalion supporting arms center (SAC).[20]
[20] The material in this section is derived from the
following sources: _PacFlt Interim Rpt_ No. 2, II,
463–620; Chief. Army Field Forces Headquarters, Tactical
Air Command, Joint Training Directive for Air-Ground
Operations; and CMC, ltr to Dist List re “Analysis of CAS
Systems,” 19 Aug 52.
In an emergency both could quickly be assigned to companies or even
platoons to “talk” air strikes down on the enemy. The normal chain of
command was bypassed in favor of direct radio from the TACP to the
cognizant air control agency that had the authority to cross-check the
request for possible conflict with other operations and to channel
fighter-bombers to the attack.
Intermediate commands kept themselves informed of the over-all air
picture and controlled the employment of aviation by their own
subordinates as they listened in on these requests. They indicated
approval by remaining silent, and disapproval by transmitting a
countermand.
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