U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
While General Barcus earlier had General Megee’s recommendations
under study, a radio news broadcast back in the States momentarily
resulted in poor publicity for the Marine Corps. On 1 February a
nationally syndicated columnist reported instances in which friendly
troops had been bombed and strafed by U.S. aircraft. Marine Corps
planes were the most careless, the broadcaster alleged, basing his
statement on incomplete information. The news story had developed from
an unfortunate publicity release issued by FEAF dealing with a MAG-33
incident. The phrasing implied that Marine aviators were “guilty of
gross carelessness resulting in casualties among their own ground
troops.”[324]
[324] _PacFlt EvalRpt_ No. 5, p. 9-81.
Actually, of the 63 incidents in which friendly casualties had resulted
from aircraft flown by FAF units between January and October 1952,
1st MAW pilots were responsible for 18, or 28.5 percent of the total
number of incidents and majority of casualties. What was left unsaid,
however, in the unfavorable publicity was that with approximately 14.5
percent of the aircraft represented in FEAF, Marine fliers had been
accomplishing monthly totals of between 30 to 40 percent of all Eighth
Army CAS missions. They also performed virtually all of the very close
air support jobs (50 to 100 yards out from the MLR) which further
reduced the comparative percentage of Marine “carelessness.”
It was true, of course, that on rare occasions freak accidents did
kill and injure UN troops, despite the continual training of pilots
and controllers in strike procedures and target identification. The
position taken by the two senior Marine commanders in Korea was
that although any CAS incident involving friendly troops was highly
regrettable, it was in the same category as “short” mortar and
artillery rounds and just as unavoidable.
Target identification, low visibility flying conditions, and ballistic
computations made the task of precision close air support an enormous
one. If anything, it was almost a wonder that more accidents did
not happen. Despite the similarity of Korean geography, an unending
panorama of almost identical hilltops, ridges, and streams, the pilot
had to release ordnance at the proper altitude and speed, and in a
balanced (trim) flight. While conducting his dive the pilot’s view
could be blocked by cloud formations and his attention distracted by
antiaircraft fire which required evasive action. Even when the ordnance
had been properly released, prevailing wind conditions could affect
the flight path of the bombs. This, in addition to human error and
mechanical factors, such as the occasional malfunctioning of parts,
also affected the accuracy of bombing.
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