U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Throughout the November 1952-March 1953 period, 1st MAW squadrons
continued to provide the bulk of close air sorties to the 1st Marine
Division, in keeping with General Barcus’ policy stated earlier in
1952. Between November and January there had been a lull in the heavy
ground fighting that had prevailed in October and little need to
request air strikes. When enemy forces opposing the division began to
grow more active in February, however, the requirement for air support
to 1st MarDiv greatly increased. During this month 1st MAW aviators
reached an all-time high in the percentage of their total CAS sorties
devoted to the division--two of every three wing close support sorties
went to General Pollock’s infantry regiments.
On the critical issue of close air support, the Marine division had
become better satisfied by the end of 1952 with the quantity of air
support received from FAF. A continuing difficulty, however, was the
delayed response to requests for immediate CAS. For the wing, several
other conditions existed which bothered General Megee. One was that the
VMA-312 carrier-based squadron was not utilized to any great extent
in execution of CAS missions. This detrimental condition saddled the
wing commander with an “unqualified” squadron. It also prevented pilots
from practicing a highly developed skill they were responsible for
maintaining, although later in the war this condition was gradually
alleviated. Two other difficulties--centralized control of CAS
mission assignments by JOC and the prevailing differences between
the Marine and Air Force/Army CAS communications systems and request
procedures--were never rectified.[325]
[325] _PacFlt EvalRpt_ No. 6, p. 10-80.
One long-standing difficulty, though not a CAS matter, had been solved
early in the winter. Following a series of mechanical troubles with the
F3D-2 aircraft in VMF(N)-513 and prolonged delay in receipt of blast
tube extensions for its 20mm guns, the squadron finally became fully
operational on 1 November with its complement of 12 of the new jet
Skyknight aircraft. Almost as soon as the F3D-2s were ready for night
work, FEAF had put them to escorting B-29s on bombing runs over North
Korea. With the F3D escort and changes in B-29 tactics, bomber losses,
which had been severe, decreased sharply. Enemy attackers became fewer
and fewer so that by February, air-to-air opposition was encountered
only infrequently. Instead of sending up groups of night fighters at
the escorted B-29s, the enemy would fly a single jet across the bomber
formation. If a Skyknight followed, one or two MIG-15s, well to the
rear and higher than the decoy, would attempt to gun down the Skyknight
in its pursuit. But because of the F3D tail warning radar, the Marine
radar operator could detect the enemy plane in its approach for the
kill before it got within effective firing range.
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