U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
[398] Unless otherwise noted, the material in this section is
derived from: _PacFlt EvalRpt_ No. 6, Chap 9; Commander
Naval Forces, Far East (ComNavFE), “Operation Little
Switch--Apr 53”; ComNavFE Rpt of Intelligence Processing;
ComNavFE Rpt, 24 Jul 53; FMFPac ComdD, Apr 53 (#1);
FMFPac ComdD, May 53 (Pt. 2), rpt LtCol Fisher to CG,
FMFPac, subj, “Debriefing of Returned POWs”; 1stMarDiv
ComdD, Apr 53; MacDonald, _POW_; Clark, _Danube to
Yalu_; Hermes, _Truce Tent_; Leckie, _Conflict_; Fugate,
“Freedom Village”; _New York Times_, 19–21 Apr 53;
_Washington Post_, 19–21 Apr 53.
Nine days after the truce talks were temporarily suspended, 11 April,
Operation LITTLE SWITCH (code-named Little Swap) began the morning of
Monday, 20 April. By the time it ended on 26 April, a total of 6,670
North Korean and Chinese Communist prisoners had been returned by the
UNC. The enemy released 684 captives,[399] of whom 149 were Americans.
Among them were 15 Marines, 3 Navy corpsmen who had been attached to
the 1st Marine Division, and a Navy aviator. The first day Allied
prisoners--walking, some hobbling along on crutches, and others carried
on litters--were delivered in two groups. The initial 50 men reached
Panmunjom at 0825, and the second group, two hours later. The first
Marine freed was Private Alberto Pizarro-Baez, H/3/7, a Puerto Rican,
who had been captured at Frisco in the early October 1952 outpost
clashes. Later that day, another POW taken in the same action, Private
Louis A. Pumphrey, was also released.
[399] The 684 UNC prisoners returned in LITTLE SWITCH
represented 471 South Koreans, 149 Americans, 32 British,
15 Turks, 6 Colombians, 5 Australians, 2 Canadians, 1
Greek, 1 South African, 1 Filipino, and 1 Netherlander.
Early moments of the exchange were tense as UNC sick and wounded
captives were shipped in a long line of CCF ambulances from Kaesong,
five miles northwest of Panmunjom, down the neutral corridor past enemy
lines to the exchange point. Despite the fact that all official papers
and agreements had been concluded more than a week earlier, no one was
absolutely sure until the last moment that the prisoner exchange would
actually take place. The mechanics of the transfer operation itself, as
it turned out, went off practically without hitch. One minor unsavory
incident had occurred when 50 North Korean prisoners in UNC custody en
route from Pusan to Panmunjom, had dumped their mess kits into garbage
cans, noisily complaining about breakfast.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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