U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Across the Korean peninsula, the east coast Allied offshore island
defense centered on a cluster of islands in Wonsan Harbor. Situated
more than 100 miles north of the battleline, these strategically-placed
islands comprised the northernmost UN-held territory in Korea. The East
Coast Island Defense Command numbered approximately 35 Marines, 1,270
Korean Marines, and 15 Naval personnel. Headquarters for TU 95.2.3 was
Yo-do, the largest installation, which was garrisoned by approximately
300 Korean Marines and a limited detachment of USMC and USN personnel.
Smaller defense forces were located on the other islands under ECIDU
command.[470] In addition, an improvised NGF spotting team was also
stationed at the three forward islands (Mo-do, Tae-do, and Hwangto-do).
Mission of the ECIDU was a defensive one: to hold the islands as a
base for covert intelligence activities. The island defense system
existed for the purpose of “containing and destroying any enemy forces
who escape detection or who press home an attack in the face of Navy
attempts at their destruction.”[471]
[470] See Chapter II and ECIDE map.
[471] ECIDE ComdD, Oct 2, p. 1.
Individual island commanders were responsible for the defense of their
small parcels of seaborne real estate, control of both defensive and
offensive NGF missions in the area, and evaluation of intelligence
regarding enemy troop locations, the movement of supplies north, or
new emplacements of hostile guns. Fire support for the ECIDU islands,
exposed to the enemy shore batteries above the 39th Parallel, was
available from Task Force 95, which maintained a task, group of ships
off both the east and west coasts. Aircraft and ships of Task Force
77 (Seventh Fleet Striking Force), operating off the East Korean
coastline, were also on call. In December, for instance, the Corsairs
of TF 77 had resumed their rail-bridge interdiction. All-out attacks on
railroad and highway bridges, as well as bombing runs on the 90-mile
stretch of east coast railroad from Hungnam to Songjin, were undertaken
to cut off supplies being moved north for Communist industrial use.
February marked the second anniversary of the siege of Wonsan by the
UNC, the longest blockade of a port in recent U.S. history. Some
naval authorities by this time argued that the venture had become one
of doubtful merit which “should never have been undertaken, but its
long history made it difficult to abandon without apparent admission
of defeat.”[472] In any event, the month also signaled increasing
attention paid by hostile shore batteries to the little island enclave.
For seven consecutive days, 9–15 February, the harbor islands were
targets for enemy mixed artillery and mortar shells. Minor materiel
damage and casualties were sustained at Yo-do during a Valentine’s Day
bombardment, 14 February.
[472] Field, _NavOps, Korea_, p. 434.
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