U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Altogether, the enemy harassed the harbor islands for 16 days during
the month, expending 316 rounds, compared with 11 days in January.
Hostile fire, not limited to the Wonsan Harbor islands, was also
directed against friendly ships USS _DeHaven_ and USS _Moore_. These
provided counterbattery fire and were, in turn, fired upon, the nearest
shells landing only 400 yards from the two vessels. This attack,
also on 14 February, was described as an “unusually determined and
precise”[473] effort. The enemy, moreover, did not appear to take his
usual precautions with respect to disclosing his positions. The fact
that a Communist shore battery would cease fire when subjected to
friendly counterbattery, with other positions then immediately taking
up the delivery, “indicated some sort of central control for the first
time.”[474] The I Corps, NKPA artillery units across from the Wonsan
Island command revealed the “heavy, effective artillery capability of
enemy batteries which encircle Wonsan Harbor.”[475]
[473] _PacFlt EvalRpt_ No. 6, Chap. 2, p. 2-5.
[474] _Ibid._
[475] ECIDE(U) ComdD, Feb 53, p. 1. Seventh Fleet intelligence
estimated that there were no less than “21 active
batteries emplaced on Wonsan Bay and within range of our
islands.” _Heinl ltr._
Unseasonably good weather the latter part of February improved the
transportation and supply situation. With the bitter cold and wind
subsiding, maintenance crews could repair the ravages of the past
several months. Craft, up to LCVP size, were hoisted in on a large
pontoon for repair. For most of December and January, “this small,
physically remote Marine Corps command,”[476] as the ECIDU commander,
Lieutenant Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr. himself described it, had
been snowbound. Winds howled in excess of 40 knots, and temperatures
dropped to 10° below at night. Personnel at the command island,
Yo-do, subsisted on C rations for eight days. With boating operations
suspended because of the high winds, it was not possible to send
supplies or water to Hwangto-do which for several days relied solely on
melted snow.
[476] ECIDE(U) ComdD, Jan 53, p. 3.
The prolonged foul weather, moreover, interrupted all classified radio
communications between the ECIDU and the outside world. Crypto guard
for the Wonsan islands was maintained by elements of the East Coast TG
95. Coded and decoded security radio messages had to be picked up by
patrol boat which could not reach the islands during extreme conditions
of icy seas and heavy snows.
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