U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Several other deficiencies existed in the air defense system that
the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing had inherited. There were no ground
antiaircraft weapons at the Marine fields until a .50 caliber automatic
weapons battery was detached from the 1st 90mm Antiaircraft Artillery
Battalion, FMF, early in 1952 and sent to K-3, the home field of
MAG-33. Other inadequacies were deficient equipment--a search radar
limited to 30 miles out and 20,000 feet up--and lack of an interceptor
aircraft capable of rising to meet the faster swept-wing jets the
enemy was employing. Airfields housing Marine air groups did not have
revetments for either aircraft parking areas or ordnance dumps.
Not all of these weaknesses were acquired with assumption of the air
defense mission. There had been a general lack of concern about air
defense throughout South Korea. This attitude had resulted from the air
supremacy which the Fifth Air Force had quickly established. Camouflage
was seldom practiced. Dispersal of aircraft, supply dumps, and
servicing facilities was employed only rarely. In fact, at K-6, there
was not sufficient land to properly scatter installations and aircraft.
Defense of the southern sector was commanded from K-3 (Pohang),
the site of the TACC (Major Fred A. Steel). Marine Ground Control
Intercept Squadron 1 (MGCIS-1) was set up on the west coast at K-8 and
MGCIS-3 (Lieutenant Colonel Owen M. Hines), on the east coast, near
Pohang. Each of these intercept units had an early warning detachment
operating off the mainland. Antiaircraft artillery was provided by the
90mm AAA battalion, which was controlled, however, by EUSAK. The 1st
MAW commander specified a ready alert status for two aircraft during
daylight hours. Just before sunrise and sunset, four planes were put on
strip alert. Aircraft for night alert were provided by VMF(N)-513 until
April, when the requirement was withdrawn. By 30 June 1952, 1st MAW
air defense operations had destroyed a total of five enemy planes. The
F7F night fighters flown by VMF(N)-513, moreover, had frequently been
scrambled to intercept hostile night intruders that had penetrated into
the Seoul area, or northern sector.
This low kill rate did little to atone for the steadily increasing
number of Marine aircraft lost to enemy flak. Although the number
of friendly planes destroyed or damaged in air-to-air combat during
the latter half of Korean hostilities diminished sharply compared to
the early period, losses due to ground fire were reaching alarming
proportions in early and mid-1952. In May 1952 Navy and Marine air
losses to enemy action were twice the total for April, and the June
figure was even higher. By June, the Communists had massed more than
half of their antiaircraft artillery along communication routes that
FAF struck nearly every day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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