[Illustration: Caius Julius Cæsar = Aurelia | +------------------+-----+ | | Julius Cæsar Julia = Atius Balbus | Atia = Octavius | +----------------------+---+ | | Scribonia = Octavian AUGUSTUS = Livia Octavia = Mark Antony 1st wife | 2d wife, divorced | | from T.Cl. Nero | | | +--------+ | +-------+-----------+ | | | | | | Vipsania = TIBERIUS = Julia Drusus I = Antonia +----+ 1st wife 2d wife | | | Marcellus = Julia = Agrippa | 1st Husband | 2d Husband | TIBERIUS | | 3d Husband | +------+--------------------+-----+ | | | | +------------+ | Lavilla Messalina = CLAUDIUS = Agrippina II | | 5th wife 6th wife | | Agrippina I = Germanicus | +---+----------+ | | Caius CALIGULA Agrippina II = Cnæus Domitius | | Lucius Domitius NERO THE JULIAN FAMILY Showing the relationship of the Five Emperors AUGUSTUS,--the son of Julius Cæsar’s niece,--was the first Emperor. He was succeeded by his stepson, TIBERIUS; Tiberius by his brother’s grandson, CALIGULA; Caligula by his uncle, CLAUDIUS; and Claudius by his brother’s grandson,--who was also his own stepson,--NERO.] UNDER CÆSARS’ SHADOW [Illustration] [Illustration: AUGUSTUS AS EMPEROR _Frontispiece_] UNDER CÆSARS’ SHADOW BY HENRY FRANCIS COLBY, D.D. _Illustrated_ [Illustration] THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY 440 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MCMXVIII Copyright, 1918, by THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE 9