_Changadores_, or early buccaneers, 40 Charity, Commission of, 313 Charrúa Indians, kill de Solis, 37; destroy S. Sebastian, 38; attempt to sack Montevideo, 49; practically exterminated, 110, 139-47 Cheese, 175 Chilled meat. See _Refrigerating Industry_ Cholera, 124 Civil War, 28; after War of Independence, 108; Rosas intervenes, 112; the French intervene, 113. _See Revolution_, _Revolutions_ Climate, 272 Clubs, 158-9 Colón, 166 Colonia, foundation of, 42; in hands of Portuguese, 43; captured by Spanish, 44; given back to Portugal by Philip V., 44; besieged by Salcedo, 49; exchanged for Jesuit missions, 50; again becomes Portuguese, is retaken, and again falls to Portuguese, 51; captured by Ceballos, 53; siege of, during Revolution, 60 Colonia, department, 267 Colonia Suiza, 211-5 Colonies, 212-3, 220-244 "Colorados" or Reds, a political clan, 32; formation of, 120; origin of, 313, 314-5, 321-3 Communications, 296-308. _See Railways_, _Shipping_ "Conciliation Ministry," the, 125 Constitution of Uruguay, 109, 311 Coronilla, seal islands, 294 Corrales, goldfields, 287 Costume, 180 Cuestas, 125 Culta, besieges Montevideo, 65 Customs revenue, 336 Customs service, 83 D Dairies, 214, 261 Darwin, discovers fulgurites at Maldonado, 203 Departments, 265; budgets of, 335 Diamonds, 288 Diaz, General, revolt of, 119; policy of, 120; second revolt and execution, 121 Dolores, taken by the Thirty-Three, 101 Domestics, 180-1 Durazno, department, 266 E Eden, 185 Education, 32, 165 Elio, appeals to Queen Carlota for help during siege of Montevideo, 61, 88 England, intervenes during Rosas' invasion, 116; exports to, 334; exports from, 334. _See British._ English colony, the, 159 Estancias, 246-53 Exports, 277, 329; general, 330; to England, 334 F _Faeneros_, early trafficking in hides by, 40 Fauna of Uruguay, 273-5 Ferdinand VI. of Spain, cedes northern Uruguay and the Missions to Portugal in return for Colonia, 50 Feuds, 137. _See Politics_, _Revolutions_ Finance, a crisis, 124; increased cost of living, 131-2; English capital, 276; imports and exports, 277; the Budget, 335; special revenue, 336; principal sources of revenue, 336 Flores, Dictator, 120-1; assassinated, 123 Florida, department, 205 Football, 133 Foreigners, position of, 32 France, blockades Buenos Aires, 113; forms armistice with Rosas, 114; intervenes during invasion by Rosas, 116 Francia, Dictator of Paraguay, 77 Fray Bentos, 229 Frigorifica Uruguaya, 263 Frozen Meat trade, 263, 280-2 Fulgurites, 203 G Garay, Juan de, defeats Zapicán, 39 Garibaldi, as privateer, 114