Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In both legs of one specimen, the branch to M.
flexor cruris medialis arises from the posterior (rather than the
middle) tibial division; in three legs, this branch arises as an
independent division of the tibial nerve (fig. 6). (Only in one leg does
this branch arise as in _T. pallidicinctus_.) The branch to M. flexor
cruris medialis perforates the lateral part of M. flexor ischiofemoralis
in one instance. In all legs except one (nerve possibly destroyed), a
second twig to M. flexor ischiofemoralis arises from the branch to M.
flexor cruris medialis (fig. 6). In one leg (fig. 9), an additional
branch, arising as an independent division of the sciatic nerve, enters
M. extensor iliofibularis distal to the point of entrance of the dorsal
peroneal division; this extra branch arises posterior (adjacent) to the
dorsal peroneal division, but it could not be determined with certainty
whether it arises from the peroneal or tibial component. A minute twig
from the branch to M. flexor cruris medialis passes posteriorly and
joins the pudendal plexus in one leg (fig. 6); in another, a similar
twig is present but could not be traced to its termination. In nearly
all the legs, minute twigs come off the peroneal nerve near the middle
of the thigh and enter M. extensor iliofibularis (fig. 6). In both legs
of one specimen, the paraperoneal branch enters the peroneal sheath
(although separable from the peroneal nerve). The distal branch to M.
femorocruralis gives off a long twig to M. gastrocnemius pars media in
one instance (fig. 6).
=_Peroneal Nerve_=, Fig. 10
_T. pallidicinctus_
DESCRIPTION.--The branch that is given off in the thigh has been
discussed above. The peroneal nerve passes, with the paraperoneal branch
of the tibial nerve, through the guide loop for M. extensor
iliofibularis. The peroneal nerve diverges from the paraperoneal branch
and passes along the anterior (proximal) edge of the tendon of M.
extensor iliofibularis medial to the common tendon of the lateral heads
of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti IV and flexor perforatus digiti II and
lateral to the common tendon of the anterolateral heads of Mm. flexor
perforatus digiti IV, flexor perforatus digiti II, and flexor perforatus
digiti III.
The peroneal nerve soon gives off a spray of branches that supplies the
following: femoral head of M. tibialis anticus, tibial head of M.
tibialis anticus (branch passes deep to femoral head), M. extensor
digitorum longus (branch passes deep to tibial head of M. tibialis
anticus), and M. peroneus longus. A part of the nerve may or may not
pass through a notch in the proximal end of the lateral head of M.
flexor digitorum longus. The nerve then extends distally along the
anterolateral edge of the latter muscle and subdivides into two long
branches. Gadow (1891) termed these branches the superficial peroneal
and the deep peroneal; his terminology will be used here.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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