Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
The broad flat common tendon of the _lateral head_ and the lateral head
of M. flexor perforatus digiti II fuses to the superficial surface of
the fibular arm of the guide loop for M. extensor iliofibularis and
contributes to the femorofibular fascia; consequently the ultimate
origin would be the external femoral condyle and the head of the fibula.
The slender common tendon of the _anterolateral head_ and the
anterolateral heads of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti II and flexor
perforatus digiti III passes deep to the insertional tendon of M.
extensor iliofibularis and to the fibular arm of the guide loop for the
latter muscle (to which it partly fuses); the tendon attaches to a
narrow line on the head of the fibula adjacent to the attachment of the
fibular arm of the guide loop and to the deep part of the femorofibular
fascia.
INSERTION.--The slender ossified tendon becomes flexible before it
passes posterior to the tibial cartilage deep to the tendon of M.
gastrocnemius, lateral to the tendon of M. flexor perforans et
perforatus digiti III, and superficial to the lateral half of the tendon
of M. flexor perforatus digiti III; a thin sheet of connective tissue
covers the tendon and attaches by its edges to the underlying tendon of
M. flexor perforatus digiti III (thus the latter tendon forms a sheath
for the tendon of M. flexor perforatus digiti IV; this sheath is
separate from a similar sheath surrounding the tendon of M. flexor
perforans et perforatus digiti III); the tendon is again ossified where
it passes along the posterolateral surface of the tarsometatarsus
posterolateral to the tendon of M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti
III; near the distal end of the tarsometatarsus the tendon becomes
flexible and expands greatly in width and thickness, and sends a small
slip dorsally, medial to the underlying tendons, that attaches to the
subarticular cartilage ventral to the trochlea for digit IV; sometimes
this slip is continuous with the retinaculum ventral to the tendon at
the level of the proximal end of the digit. Several more or less
distinct sheets of tough connective tissue lie ventral to all of the
flexor tendons at the level of the trochleae and the proximal end of the
digits, holding them in place. The tendon narrows as it passes onto the
ventral surface of digit IV and soon divides into three branches; the
tendon of M. flexor digitorum longus emerges between the medial and
middle branches. The lateral branch attaches to the subarticular
cartilage ventral to the first interphalangeal joint and is also bound
by connective tissue to the ventrolateral surface of the first phalanx.
A dorsal slip arises at the point of divergence of the lateral and
middle branches and attaches to the subarticular cartilage of the first
interphalangeal joint. The middle branch attaches to the subarticular
cartilage of the second joint. The medial branch, after sending dorsal
slips to each of the first two subarticular cartilages, attaches to the
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