Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
INSERTION.--The short unossified tendon of the anterolateral head and
the longer ossified tendon of the medial head join (after the latter
becomes flexible) a short distance above the tibial cartilage, forming a
broad flat common tendon that passes posterior to the tibial cartilage
(in a shallow groove of the latter); the main part of the tendon is deep
to the tendons of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti IV and flexor perforans
et perforatus digiti III, but forms separate thin sheaths around these
two tendons at the level of the tibial cartilage. A thin sheet of
connective tissue covers these three tendons and attaches by its edges
to the tibial cartilage, forming a sheath for them. These three tendons
pass through the superficial groove in the hypotarsus deep to the tendon
of M. gastrocnemius; the tendon of M. flexor perforatus digiti III is
ossified for most of the length of the tarsometatarsus; a short distance
below the hypotarsus, the anterior branch of the tendon of M. peroneus
longus attaches broadly to the lateral edge of the tendon of M. flexor
perforatus digiti III. In the proximal part of the tarsometatarsus the
tendon is deep to the tendon of M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti
III, but farther distally becomes medial and then superficial to the
latter and lateral to the tendon of M. flexor perforans et perforatus
digiti II; near the distal end of the tarsometatarsus a narrow but
strong vinculum extends from the lateral edge of the tendon somewhat
distally to the lateral edge of the tendon of M. flexor perforans et
perforatus digiti III. At the distal end of the tarsometatarsus the
tendon expands before entering the ventral surface of digit III where it
soon divides into two branches, between which emerge the tendons of Mm.
flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III and flexor digitorum longus;
the lateral branch attaches to the subarticular cartilage ventral to the
first interphalangeal joint and to the lateral surface of the distal end
of the first phalanx; the medial branch has similar attachments on the
medial side of the digit.
INNERVATION.--The posterior division of the tibial nerve passes between
the medial heads of M. flexor perforatus digiti III and M. flexor
perforatus digiti IV and sends a twig to the lateral surface of the
former, then passes deep to the common belly of M. flexor perforatus
digiti IV and sends a twig to the posterior surface of the anterolateral
head of M. flexor perforatus digiti III.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance.
_T. cupido_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, an extra branch (immediately distal
to the branch to M. gastrocnemius pars media) of the medial division of
the tibial nerve penetrates the medial surface of the proximal end of
the medial head.
_P. p. jamesi_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance.
=_M. Flexor Perforatus Digiti II_=, Figs. 15, 17
_T. pallidicinctus_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account