_P. omphalodes._ Black Crottle, Cork, Corker, Crostil or Crostal (Scotch Highlands). Arcel (Ireland). Kenkerig (Wales). Alaforel leaf (Sweden). Found on rocks, especially Alpine, in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and Scandinavia. One of the most extensively used dye lichens. It yields a dark brown dye readily to boiling water, and it is easily fixed to yarns by simple mordants. It is stated to yield a red, crimson or purple dye. _P. saxatilis._ Crottle, stane-raw, Staney-raw (Scotland). Scrottyie (Shetland). Sten-laf, Sten-mossa (Norway and Sweden). Found on rocks and stones in Scotland, Shetland, and Scandinavia. In winter the Swedish peasantry wear home made garments dyed purple by this Lichen. By the Shetlanders it is usually collected in August, when it is considered richest in colouring matter. _Ramalina farinacea._ Mealy ramalina. On trees in England. _R. scopulorum._ Ivory-like ramalina. Scotland, on maritime rocks. A red dye. _Rocella tinctoria._ Orseille. Grows in the South of France, on the rocks by the sea. _Solorina crocea._ Saffron yellow solorina. In Scotland, on mountain summits. The colouring matter is ready formed and abundant in the thallus. _Sticta pulmonacea._ On trees. _Umbilicaria pustulata._ Blistered umbilicaria. Found on rocks in Norway and Sweden. _Urceolaria calcarea._ Corkir, Limestone Urceolaria. Found in Scotland, Western Islands, Shetland and Wales, growing on limestone rocks. _U. cinerea._ Greyish Urceolaria. In England, on rocks. _U. scruposa._ Rock Urceolaria. Grows on rocks in hilly districts in England. _Usnea barbata._ Bearded Usnea. Pennsylvania and South America. On old trees. Stated to dye yarn orange. _U. florida._ Flowering Usnea. Pale greenish yellow or reddish brown. _U. plicata._ Plaited Usnea. On trees. SHADES OF BROWN _Alectoria jubata._ Horsehair Lichen, Rock hair. On fir trees in England. Pale greenish brown. _Borrera flavicans._ Yellow borrera. On trees in Germany. Gamboge yellow. _Cetraria Islandica._ Iceland moss. Iceland heaths and hills. It yields a good brown to boiling water, but this dye appears only to have been made available in Iceland. _Cetraria juniperina._ En-mossa. On trees in Scandinavia. _Evernia flavicans._ Wolf's-bane evernia. On trees in Scandinavia. Gamboge yellow. _Gyrophora cylindrica._ Cylindrical gyrophora. On rocks in Iceland. Greenish brown. Also G. deusta. _G. deusta._ Scorched-looking gyrophora. On rocks in Scandinavia. Linnaeus states that it furnishes a paint called "Tousch", much used in Sweden. _Lecanora candelaria._ Ljus massa. On trees in Sweden. _Lecidea atro-virens._ Map lichen. On rocks, Scandinavia.