It will be remembered that in some of the _Cinchonaceae_, e.g. _Mussaenda_, _Pinckneya_, _Calycophyllum_, one or more of the calycine lobes are normally dilated and petaloid, the others remaining small and comparatively inconspicuous. Inequality in size is, indeed, a common occurrence in the sepals of many natural orders--_Polygalaceae_, _Leguminosae_, _Labiatae_, &c. The flowers of a rose are mentioned by Moquin as having presented an enlargement of the calyx without any other alterations in form. Schlechtendal has noticed the same thing in _Papaver Rhoeas_, Reichenbach in _Campanula persicifolia_, and A. de Candolle in _C. Rapunculus_. M. Brongniart also has recorded[498] a remarkable variety of _Primula sinensis_ cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, wherein the calyx is enormously developed. MM. Fournier and Bonnet have described flowers of _Rubus_ with hypertrophied calyx in conjunction with atrophy and virescence of the petals and other changes.[499] The corolla may be hypertrophied in some cases, though the change is more rare than in most other organs. Moquin-Tandon mentions as subject to this anomaly species of _Galeopsis_, _Prunella_, _Scabiosa_, and _Dipsacus_, and also mentions a remarkable variety of _Viola odorata_ cultivated in the neighbourhood of Toulouse. The same learned author also alludes to the so-called double Composites, viz. those in which the usually tubular florets of the disc assume the form and proportions of those of the ray, but these are hardly cases of hypertrophy. =Enlargement of the androecium.=--Dunal[500] alludes to a curious instance in a species of _Verbascum_, the lower flowers of which had hairy stamens as usual, but the filaments of the topmost flower were quite destitute of hairs, and dilated like a flat ribbon. Moquin relates having found in the neighbourhood of Toulouse a plant of _Solanum Dulcamara_ in which all the upper flowers had two or three stamens of larger dimensions than the others. This happens habitually in _Solanum tridynamum_ and _S. Amazonicum_, and to a less extent in _S. vespertilio_ and _S. cornutum_; also in some species of _Hyoscyamus_. These cases show the close affinity between the _Solanaceae_ and the _Scrophulariaceae_.