TONIC.--A medicine promoting nutrition and giving strength to the body, as arsenic, cod liver oil, etc. TOPIC or TOPICAL.--A substance or agent for external use, applied locally, as a liniment. TOXIC.--A condition produced by a poison, as a result of an over-dose of medicine or the absorption of bacterial products. TRICOPHYED.--A medicine promoting the growth of hair, as pilocarpine, cantharides, capsicum, etc. UTERINE.--A medicine acting upon the uterus, as ergot. VEHICLE.--A medicine or agent used as a medium or base for the administration of medicines, as syrups, oils, water, etc. VERMICIDE.--A medicine which destroys parasitic worms, as turpentine, iron sulphate, tobacco, creosote, etc. VERMIFUGE.--A medicine which expels parasitic worms, as arecoline, aloes, etc. VESICANT.--A medicine which forms pustules containing white serum, as cantharides. VIRUS.--A poison of an infectious disease, especially one found in the system of an animal suffering from an infectious disease, as hog cholera, cowpox or rabies virus, etc. VULNERARY.--Any medicine or compound used in the treatment of wounds, as ointments, liniments, etc. ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES The following methods of administering medicines in order of their rapidity of absorption, beginning with the method by which absorption is most rapid, and following with those by which absorption is less rapid and finally least rapid: 1. Intravenous, by injection into veins. 2. By inhalation (volatile drugs). 3. Subcutaneous, by injection into subcutaneous tissue. 4. Intratracheal, by injection into the trachea (or wind pipe). 5. Oral, by the mouth. 6. Rectal, by the rectum. 7. Inunction, by the skin. 8. Intramammary injections. WHEN MEDICINES SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED The curative effects of medicines may be restrained, changed in form or prevented by untimely administration. Medicines intended to act on the mucous membrane of the stomach should only be given when that organ is empty. If distant parts are to be affected in the most prompt and efficient manner and the medicine is free from distinct irritating qualities, it should be taken on an empty stomach; as when digestion is going on, the contents of the stomach are acid in reaction and if alkalies are given combinations take place and salts are formed. If alkalies are given before digestion begins, diffusion of the acid-forming constituents of the blood takes place, and in this way the acidity of the gastric juice is promoted; likewise acids given before meals increase the diffusion of the alkaline constituents of the blood. METHODS OF ADMINISTERING MEDICINES Drenching, bit, balling gun, capsule gun, bottle, dose syringe and hypodermic syringe. Anaesthetics administered in feed bags or proper inhaler. TABLES USED IN PRESCRIPTION WRITING APOTHECARIES OR TROY WEIGHT.