20 Grains (Granum) (Gr. or Grs.) = 1 Scruple. 3 Scruples (Scrupulum) (Sc.) = 1 Drachm (60 Grs.) 8 Drachms (Drachma) (ʒ) = 1 Ounce. 12 Ounces (Uncia) (℥) = 1 Pound (℔) In prescription writing the pound sign should not be used; always express large quantities by ounces. APOTHECARIES’ LIQUID MEASURE. 60 Minims (Minimum) (M. or Ms.) = 1 Fluid Drachm. 8 Fluid Drachms (Fluid Drachma) (fl. ʒ) = 1 Fluid Ounce. 16 Fluid Ounces (Fluid Uncia) (fl. ℥) = 1 Pint. 2 Pints (Octarius) (O.) = 1 Quart. 4 Quarts or 8 Pints = 1 Gallon (congius--C.) In prescribing liquids the abbreviation for Quarts (Qts.) is never used. If a quart is desired it is expressed as two pints (Oij). APPROPRIATE EQUIVALENTS OF WINE UNITS IN DOMESTIC MEASURES. Teaspoon = ʒi. Dessert spoon = ʒii. Table spoon = ℥ss. Cup = ℥iv. Tumbler = ℥viii. TABLES FOR REGULATING THE DOSES FOR YOUNG ANIMALS HORSES. 3 years old and upward, full dose. From 1¹⁄₂ years old to 3 years, ¹⁄₂ dose. From 9 to 18 months old, ¹⁄₄ dose. From 4¹⁄₂ to 9 months old, ¹⁄₈ dose. From 1 to 4¹⁄₂ months old, ¹⁄₁₆ dose. CATTLE. 2 years old and upward, full dose. From 1 to 2 years old, ¹⁄₂ dose. From ¹⁄₂ to 1 year, ¹⁄₄ dose. From 3 to 6 months, ¹⁄₈ dose. From 1 to 3 months, ¹⁄₁₆ dose. SHEEP. 2 years old and upward, full dose. From 1 to 2 years old, ¹⁄₂ dose. From ¹⁄₂ to 1 year, ¹⁄₄ dose. From 3 to 6 months, ¹⁄₈ dose. From 1 to 3 months, ¹⁄₁₆ dose. PIGS. 1¹⁄₂ years and upward, full dose. From 9 to 18 months old, ¹⁄₂ dose. From 4¹⁄₂ to 9 months, ¹⁄₄ dose. From 2¹⁄₂ to 4¹⁄₄ months, ¹⁄₈ dose. From 1 to 2¹⁄₂ months, ¹⁄₁₆ dose. DOGS. From ¹⁄₂ to 1 year old, full dose. From 3 to 6 months, ¹⁄₂ dose. From 1¹⁄₂ to 3 months, ¹⁄₄ dose. From 20 to 45 days, ¹⁄₈ dose. From 10 to 20 days, ¹⁄₁₆ dose. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING The prescription should be as brief and simple as possible. It should be explicit and clearly written. It may be expressed either in Latin or in English. The manner in which the medicine is to be used should be specified. Important instructions as to the rule, systematic regulations or diet of the patient are sometimes necessary.