ACTIONS.--Tartar emetic is a systemic and local emetic, a diaphoretic, cardiac and arterial sedative and a gastro-intestinal irritant. It is a powerful waste producer and stimulates the secretions of the stomach, intestines, salivary glands, liver and pancreas. Large doses cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, while toxic doses are followed by vomiting (in animals that can vomit), serious blood purging, great depression of the circulation and respiration weakness, collapse and death. Tartar emetic is also a vermifuge. USES.--Tartar emetic is too mild as an emetic in poison cases. In asthma of dogs it may be used in from ¹⁄₁₀ to ¹⁄₂ grain doses to relax spasm and promote secretion. For horses its most valuable use is to expel the common round worms from the intestines, for which it is very efficacious; given in two drachm doses once or twice daily in the feed for four to six days, or one-half ounce dissolved in water is given on an empty stomach followed by a full dose of linseed oil. ANTIPYRINA--ANTIPYRIN Phenyl-hydrazine is acted upon by aceto-acetic ether, when phenyl-monomethyl-pyrazolon, ethyl alcohol and water results. PROPERTIES.--Colorless, odorless, scaly crystals, of a bitterish taste. Soluble in water, ether and chloroform. DOSE.--Horses and cattle, 3 to 4 drs.; sheep and pigs, ¹⁄₂ to 1 dr.; dogs, 5 to 20 grs. ACTIONS.--Powerful antipyretic, anodyne and local anesthetic, antiseptic, cardiac depressant; it reduces temperature very quickly, usually within half an hour and the effects continue two or more hours. It can be administered by the mouth, hypodermically or intertracheally; as an antiseptic it diminishes oxidation, and promotes heat loss by dilating the cutaneous vessels, but more probably by depressing the activity of the calorifacient centers. USES.--Used in high fever where the temperature must be reduced quickly, as in sun-stroke, acute rheumatism; in man a solution of antipyrine from four to ten per cent strength up, is sprayed into the nostrils for hay-fever. Acetanilide is a better and safer and much cheaper drug for febrile diseases. AQUA AMMONIAE FORTIOR--STRONGER AMMONIA WATER An aqueous solution of ammonia containing twenty-eight per cent, by weight of the gas. DERIVATION.--Evolve ammonia gas by heating ammonium chloride with calcium hydrate and pass it into water. PROPERTIES.--A colorless, transparent liquid, having an excessively pungent odor and a caustic alkaline taste. DOSE.--Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drs.; sheep and pigs, ¹⁄₂ to 1 dr.; dogs, 5 to 10 m. Should be diluted one drachm to one pint of water. AQUA AMMONIAE--AMMONIA WATER An aqueous solution containing ten per cent by weight of ammonia gas. DERIVATION.--Same as strong ammonia water. PROPERTIES.--The taste is not so caustic and the odor is less pungent then the stronger water of ammonia. DOSE.--Horses and cattle, ¹⁄₂ to 1 oz.; sheep and pigs, 1 to 2 drs.; dogs, 10 to 20 m. Should be diluted one drachm to half pint of water.