Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885 -- Criticism and interpretation
If I have hardly time to mention the simple and vivid narrative of the
martyrdom of Pauline Roland, I must pause at least to dwell for a moment
on so famous and so great a poem as _L'Expiation_; but not to pronounce,
or presume to endeavor to decide, which of its several pictures is the
most powerful, which of its epic or lyric variations the most impressive
and triumphant in effect. The huge historic pageant of ruin, from Moscow
to Waterloo, from Waterloo to St. Helena, with the posthumous interlude
of apotheosis which the poet had loudly and proudly celebrated just
twelve years earlier in an ode, turned suddenly into the peep-show of a
murderous mountebank, the tawdry triumph of buffoons besmeared with
innocent blood, is so tremendous in its anticlimax that not the
sublimest and most miraculous climax imaginable could make so tragic and
sublime an impression so indelible from the mind. The slow agony of the
great army under the snow; its rout and dissolution in the supreme hour
of panic; the slower agony, the more gradual dissolution, of the
prisoner with a gaoler's eye intent on him to the last; who can say
which of these three is done into verse with most faultless and
sovereign power of hand, most pathetic or terrific force and skill? And
the hideous judicial dishonor of the crowning retribution after death,
the parody of his empire and the prostitution of his name, is so much
more than tragic by reason of the very farce in it that out of ignominy
itself and uttermost degradation the poet has made something more august
in moral impression than all pageants of battle or of death.
In the sixth book I can but rapidly remark the peculiar beauty and
greatness of the lyric lines in which the sound of steady seas regularly
breaking on the rocks at Rozel Tower is rendered with so solemn and
severe an echo of majestic strength in sadness; the verses addressed to
the people on its likeness and unlikeness to the sea; the scornful and
fiery appeal to the spirit of Juvenal; the perfect idyllic picture of
spring, with all the fruitless exultation of its blossoms and its birds,
made suddenly dark and dissonant by recollection of human crime and
shame; the heavenly hopefulness of comfort in the message of the morning
star, conveyed into colors of speech and translated into cadences of
sound which no painter or musician could achieve.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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