_Nàgapatnam_, or _Nàgapatana_, the city of the snake, or the city of the elephant; for _Naga_ signifies a snake, and likewise an elephant; and _Patna_, a city. It is the same city as that usually called by the Greeks _Nigamos_, or _Nigama Metropolis_. _Tiramannùr_ the town of the Holy Land: the _Tremanour_ of the Europeans. _Cirangam_, or _Cirangapatnam_, the city of the beautiful limbs: from _Cir_, beautiful; _Anga_, a limb; and _Patnam_, the city. It is the _Cheringam_ of the Europeans[24]. _Celiaolam_, the slimy pond; the _Chelicolon_ of the Europeans. _Tricolùr_, the town of the three pools, or places of lustration. On the maps it is called _Tricoloùr_. _Palancotta_, the castle of the bridges, for several bridges must be passed before one can arrive at it: from _Pàlam_, or _Pàlan_, a bridge; and _Cotta_, a castle. On the maps it is called _Palancottè_. NAMES OF CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE KINGDOM OF MADURA. _Madura_, _Matura_, and _Madhura_, the lovely, the mild city, or the city of the hero _Madhu_. It is the capital of the kingdom of _Madura_, which takes its name from it, but by the Europeans is called _Madure_. This kingdom is named also _Pandi_, or _Pandimandala_, the land of _Pandi_, _Pando_, or _Pandava_, an ancient Indian king, by whom, according to the opinion of the Brahmans, it was founded. Pliny calls this city _Modusa regia Pandionis_; but Ptolemy gives it the name of _Methora_. _Tricinnapalli_: from _Tri_, three; _Cinna_, small; and _Palli_, a temple or a school. At present it is the capital of _Madura_, and on the maps is called _Trichenapali_. _Manelùr_, the town on the sand: a town. _Tindacalla_, the dirty stone or rock; on the maps _Tinducallu_. It is the _Tindis_ of Ptolemy and Arrian. _Tirnaveli_, or _Tirunnaveli_, the place where the tide ends: is at present a considerable city. _Mantòpo_, or _Mantòpu_, the garden on good soil: a city. _Ciangracoil_, the temple of _Ciangra_, or _Shiva_: on the maps called _Sangaravacoil_. _Uttamapàleam_; from _Uttama_, the best; and _Pàleam_, or _Pàliyam_, the house of government. On the maps it is called _Uttamapaleon_. NAMES OF CITIES AND TOWNS ON THE COAST OF PESCARIA, OR, AS THE ANCIENTS CALLED IT, PARALIA. _Ràmanàthapuram_, the city of _Rama_, of the lord. On the maps it is called _Ramanadaburon_. _Vayparra_, the three large rocks; a town which is situated near these rocks. _Tùtucuri_, or _Tùducudi_, a town or place where linen cloth is washed. _Mannapara_, earth and rocks; from _Manna_, earth; and _Pàrra_, a rock. _Vadakencolam_, a pond or bath towards the north; at present a city.