Among the trading cities, at the foot of the Gauts, on the Malabar coast, is _Arampalli_, the _Arguropolis_ of the ancient Greeks, which lies nine miles up the country from Cape _Comari_, and as much from _Covalam_. Formerly there were in this city above two thousand looms employed in weaving cotton stuffs. Even at present it is a place of some importance in regard to its cotton trade; but formerly it was, as it were, the mart or general magazine to which the inhabitants of the Malabar coast and the province of Madura carried all their merchandize. Since navigation increased, many of the manufacturers have removed from this as well as from other cities, and formed new settlements and places of trade at a distance from those harbours which are frequented by foreign ships. The other Malabar cities, which still keep up their former connection and trade with _Madura_, are: _Cottàte_, _Càgnarapalli_, _Iratugè_, _Pugnàda_, _Mohatugè_, and _Codamangalam_. The cities in the interior part of the kingdom of _Madura_, which formerly sent and still send merchandize to the Malabar coast, are: _Cambam_, _Uttamapàliam_, _Periaculam_, _Sindacalla_, _Badagare_, _Tuvàrencurici_, _Veluvàracotta_, _Andipatti_, _Tevàram_, _Ciundrapandi_, _Cettur_, _Shivagari_, _Tirunaveli_, _Cencotta_, _Condùr_, _Tèdanàda_, _Perumanel_, _Ceruvatti_, _Caricàttur_, and _Manimàla_. Notwithstanding the great number of missionaries and European geographers who have written on this country, not one of them has so much as mentioned the names of these cities, or given any account of the connection which subsists between the two coasts of the peninsula of India. All of them confine themselves rather to a general view, and speak only of the possessions of the Europeans. I can, however, with truth assert, that I have seen whole companies of these merchants from _Madura_, partly at _Codamangalam_ at the bottom of the Gauts, and partly at _Mohatuge_ and _Padmanaburam_. They are accustomed to transport their merchandize upon oxen, which are loaded with cotton goods of every kind. These merchants are almost all well armed, because they are obliged to pursue their way through narrow passes in the mountains, which, on account of the numerous tygers found in them, are exceedingly dangerous. From the before-mentioned cities, in the interior part of Malabar, merchandize is transported to those on the coast both by land and by water. They are sent to _Covalam_ at Cape _Comari_, _Coleci_, _Tiruvancòda_, _Collam_, _Porrocàda_, _Muttam_, _Cocci_, _Cudungalùr_, _Colicòtta_, _Cannanùr_, _Valiapatnam_ and _Calianapuri_, and thence conveyed on board foreign ships. Some of these cities were celebrated in ancient times. Thus, for example, _Arampalli_ was by the Greeks called _Arguropolis_; and _Covalam_, _Colis_ or _Colias_; _Coleci_, in Strabo, is named _Cojaci_; and _Cottàte_ occurs, in Ptolemy, under the name of _Cottiara Metropolis_, and in Pliny under that of _Cottona_.