A Persian mile, _Angatsch_, contains 16,878 Roman feet. The Indian mile, _Casam_ or _Cas_ (not _Cosse_) is different in different places: in general it consists of 2400 geometrical paces. The large Malabar mile is equal to from two to three leagues; the smaller, however, is equal only to one. The same difference is observed in the miles in other provinces of India. The smaller Indian mile has three divisions: viz. _Casara vagi_, three quarters of a mile; _Aracasam_, half a mile; and _Cuvida_, or _Vilipada_, a distance at which one can hear the voice of a man calling out as loud as he is able. This distance is commonly reckoned to be equal to a quarter of a mile. * * * * * The coins current in India consist of the following: I. The _Rupee_ of Bengal, Arrucate, Puduceri, Madras, Bombay, Tippoo Sultan, or Hayder Aly Khan, and Surat. _Rupya_ is properly a Samscred word, and signifies in general silver, without distinguishing any particular denomination of silver coin. I am therefore inclined to think, that the rupees current in India, which are worth five Roman _Paoli_, were not originally Indian coins. This piece of silver has inscribed on it, in Persian characters, the place where and the name of the prince under whom coined; which confirms me in my opinion, that it belongs properly to the inventions of the Persians. The oldest Indian coins have no inscription, but only the representation of a cow, an elephant, the _lingam_, or some Indian deity. Anquetil du Perron, however, asserts that he saw some with writing on them, which, as he pretends, were coined before the period of king _Vitramàditya_[51]; but I never had an opportunity of seeing any of this kind. A rupee is not worth more in Europe than two livres eight sous, or, according to the Roman method of reckoning, four _Paoli_ and eight _Bajocchi_. * * * * * II. The silver _Fanon_, called by the Indians _Panam_, is a small round coin like the rupee. The rupee of Arrucate is equal to six large or twelve small _Panam_; that of Puduceri, to eight _Panam_. When rupees of Surat, Puduceri, and Arrucate are exchanged at Cochin, you receive for each, according to the course of exchange, only twenty or at most twenty-four _Panam_, though they are worth thirty-two Cochinese _Panam_. The rupee of Madras is worth in Bengal 3040 _Cauris_. The _Dudu_ of Madras or Bombay, a small coin of copper, tin, or other metal, according to the nature of the country, is equal in value to a Roman _Bajocco_.