Recurring to the statement of Cartier above cited, it will be observed that he mentions, besides the outarde, wild geese white and gray. The first and largest of the four species above mentioned, the Canada goose, _Branta Canadensis_, is gray, and the two next, the Snow goose and White-fronted, would be classified as white. This disposes of three of the four mentioned. The outarde of Cartier would therefore be the fourth species in the list, viz. the Brant goose. _Branta bernicla_. This is the smallest species found on our northern coast, and might naturally be described, as stated by Father Biard, as a large duck. It is obvious that the good Father could not have described the Canada goose, the largest of the four species, as a large duck, and the white geese have never been supposed to be referred to under the name of outarde. The Brant goose, to which all the evidence which we have been able to find in the Canadian authorities seems to point as the outarde of early times, is common in our markets in its season, but our market-men, unaccustomed to make scientific distinctions, are puzzled to decide whether it should be classed as a goose or a duck. It is not improbable that the early voyagers to our northern latitudes, unable to decide to which of these classes this water-fowl properly belonged, and seeing in it a fancied resemblance to the lesser outarde, with which they were familiar, gave it for sake of the distinction, but nevertheless inappropriately, the name of outarde. The reader is referred to the following authorities. _Vide Brief Recit_ par Jacques Cartier, 1545. D'Avezac ed., p. 33; _Champlain_, Quebec ed., p. 220; _Jesuite Relations_, 1616, p. 10; _Le Grand Voyage du Pays des Hurons_, par Sagard, Paris, 1632, p. 301; _Dictionaire de la Langue Hurone_, par Sagard, Paris, 1632, _oyseaux; Letters to the Dutchess of Lesdiguieres_, By Fr. Xa. de Charlevoix, London. 1763, p. 88; _Le Jeune, Relations des Jesuites_, 1633, P. 4, 1636, p. 47; _Histoire de l'Amerique Septentrionale_, par de la Potherie, Paris, 1722, Vol. I. pp. 20, 172, 212, 308; _Lescarbot, Histoire de la Nouvelle France_, pp. 369, 582, 611. CHAPTER III. DEPARTURE TO DISCOVER THE NORTH SEA, ON THE GROUND OF THE REPORT MADE ME IN REGARD TO IT. DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL RIVERS, LAKES AND ISLANDS, THE FALLS OF THE CHAUDIERE AND OTHER FALLS.