Oceanic destroyers gain speed by sacrificing armor but there is no
comparable gain in a space-ship. Once the jets are started and the
original inertia overcome the heavy ship will travel as fast as the
light one because the limiting factor is how much acceleration the crew
can stand physically--and it's the same for both.
On earth the design of a ship is a compromise between the demands
of armament, protection, speed and cruising radius, with the last
the least important. For the space-ship speed will make its demands
but they will not have to be satisfied at the expense of the other
characteristics. However, cruising radius is something else.
The ruling consideration in the radius of action of an earth-ship is
the ability to carry fuel. Stores for the crew were seldom a problem
during the war, even though the food did sometimes run down to Spam and
those incredible dehydrated potatoes. Ammunition became a problem in
only a few cases. But in the space-navy all this will be changed.
Fuel does not look like a particularly serious problem. A given
space-ship will be burning lots while she is using it but most of the
time she'll be coasting on gained acceleration and will need fuel only
for short bursts of maneuver during action. The true limiting factor in
the radius of action of a space-warship is the stores for the crew--not
food or water but most specifically air.
The problem with water is not supplying it but getting rid of it.
For every five pounds of food you eat two pounds of water is the
minimum result, exuded in various ways. And water is ridiculously
easy to purify by distillation. Food itself can be carried in various
concentrated forms but it is impossible to carry reserve air except in
oxygen bottles under compression and it is very difficult to get rid
of surplus unwanted carbon dioxide.
For stations in space air-purifiers have been suggested, consisting
of algae operating in a churned water-tank. This would be all right
for a station which has a steady motion in a determined orbit. But the
space-battleship in action will be subject to violent gyrations which
would do no good to the air-purifying system even if considerations
of weight and space made it practical to install such a system in the
first place.
Then there is the added danger that a single hit in so vital an
installation would put the ship out of action for keeps while a few
oxygen bottles blown up would not matter. So the space-battleship will
probably have to depend on bottled air, like a pre-snorkel submarine,
and the quantity she can carry will determine her radius of action.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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