World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations -- Submarine
Sixty officers and over 1400 men, many of them reservists, perished as a
sequel to Otto Weddigen’s prowess and their own humanity, or more than
the total British losses at the battles of the Glorious First of June,
St Vincent, the Nile, and Trafalgar. From a naval point of view the loss
of the ships was unimportant. One is apt to forget that men-of-war have
often a floating population equal to many a place in the United Kingdom
which prides itself on being called a town. If several hundred
inhabitants of such a spot were wiped out in a few minutes it would be
regarded as a terrible happening. The tragedy of the affair would come
home to us because a similar thing might occur where we live. Yet often
enough a naval disaster arouses nothing more than scant sympathy and a
mere comment. During the Great War those at sea in our big ships faced
such disasters every hour of every day and every night.
Fortunately the _Aboukir_, the _Hogue_, and the _Cressy_ did not
constitute the “British North Sea Fleet,” as ultra-patriotic German
newspapers inferred. According to his own statement, the commander of
U 9 was eighteen nautical miles to the north-west of the Hook of Holland
when he first sighted the cruisers, time 6.10 a.m. The vessels were
proceeding slowly in line ahead, and the first torpedo struck the
_Aboukir_, which was the middle ship. The reverberations of the
explosion could be felt in the submarine, for “the shot had gone
straight and true.” The _Aboukir’s_ consorts closed on her, intent on
offering assistance, but, as Weddigen points out, this was playing his
game. They were torpedoed in rapid succession. “I had scarcely to move
out of my position, which was a great aid, since it helped to keep me
from detection.” One shot from the _Cressy_, he adds, “came unpleasantly
near to us.” The commander pays a generous tribute to his foes: “They
were brave, true to their country’s sea traditions.” In one thing only
was he unsuccessful. The cruisers were unattended by a covering force of
destroyers, but while U 9 was returning to her lair he came across some
of these vessels. By exposing his periscope at intervals Weddigen hoped
to entice them into a zone where capture or destruction by German
warships was probable. Although the destroyers failed to put an end to
his career, he likewise failed to get the flies into the spider’s
parlour.
The Admiralty held that the commanders of the _Hogue_ and the _Cressy_
committed a pardonable error of judgment, and noted that “the conditions
which prevail when one vessel of a squadron is injured in a mine-field
or is exposed to submarine attack are analogous to those which occur in
an action, and that the rule of leaving disabled ships to their own
resources is applicable, so far at any rate as large vessels are
concerned.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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