World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations -- Submarine
The second armoured ship to be lost by Italy was torpedoed three weeks
later in the same sea. She bore the honoured name of _Giuseppe
Garibaldi_, whose presentation swords of gold were kept on board as
treasures beyond price. The cruiser formed part of a squadron that had
been bombarding the railway and fortifications at Cattaro, where a
number of Austrian battleships had taken refuge, unwilling to face four
Italian vessels which had outlived their youth. The enemy adopted much
more stealthy tactics. As the _Giuseppe Garibaldi_, the _Vettor Pisani_,
the _Varese_, and the _Ferruccio_ were steaming away they sent out a
flotilla of submarines. The first attack was skilfully fended. Subjected
to a withering fire, in which the _Giuseppe Garibaldi_ joined, two of
the U-boats sought safety in flight. U 4 was so badly damaged that she
sank. A fourth either lay ‘doggo’ for a time or returned to the attack a
little later. Her first torpedo, fired at the close range of about 500
yards, missed, but the second did such damage, despite the cruiser’s
belt of 6–in. armour, that saving her was out of the question. The
majority of her crew of 540 were rescued.
When Germany and Austria arranged to drench Europe in blood in pursuit
of Teutonic ambitions, the Austro-Hungarian Navy possessed three
completed Dreadnoughts, of which the _Viribus Unitis_ was one. This
powerful battleship of 22,000 tons, carrying twelve 13–in. guns, twelve
5.9–in. quick-firers, six torpedo-tubes, and a complement of nearly 1000
officers and men, was attacked in Pola Harbour by an intrepid French
submarine, which succeeded in damaging her to such an extent that she
was rendered useless for a considerable time. Had she been at sea it is
probable the _Viribus Unitis_ would have sunk, but plenty of assistance
was handy, and she reached dry dock with a very ugly wound in her hull
and certain portions of her engines so badly wrecked that the workshops
at Trieste had to get busy to provide new parts. This was in December
1914. She was still in Pola Harbour in May 1918, when a little Italian
motor-boat penetrated the mine-field, cables, and steel nets guarding
the entrance and completed the discomfiture of the great vessel. Captain
Pellegrini and three volunteers discharged two torpedoes at the _Viribus
Unitis_, and after seeing them take effect, sank their own tiny craft to
prevent it from falling into the hands of the enemy. This was the
thirteenth operation by the Italian Navy against enemy bases, and was
completely successful. Apparently the Dreadnought was resurrected, for
she was again sunk in November 1918 by means of a time-charge laid by
two Italian officers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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