Finally a token should be mentioned that refers to Civil War prisons, though indirectly only. It is representative of a whole group of similar tokens. In 1864-1865 a special committee of the United States Sanitary Commission published the gruesome results of an inquiry into the privations and sufferings of United States officers and soldiers during their war imprisonment. It aroused, of course, the public at that time. The United States Sanitary Commission, established in 1861, to cooperate with the army, arranged a series of great fairs, popularly termed “Sanitary Fairs,” in order to raise funds for the relief of sickness, the improvement of hospital sanitation, and the promotion of the health conditions among the armed forces in general. The Commission distributed during the war supplies to the value of fifteen million dollars, and funds amounting to five million more were received into its treasury, at least two-thirds of which were obtained from the numerous “Sanitary Fairs.” The first was held at Chicago in 1863, and many other cities followed. Tokens of the kind of that pictured here as No. 8 were given to the “cheerful givers.” The obverse of No. 8 shows Washington’s head facing the right, at each side four stars, the legend being: GEO. WASHINGTON / PRESIDENT. The reverse has the following inscription in nine lines, the first three and last one curved: GOD LOVETH A CHEERFUL GIVER / GREAT FAIR / IN AID OF THE / U. S. / SANITARY / COMMISSION / NANTUCKET / MASS. / AUGUST 1864. The size is twenty-four millimeters. Specimens were struck in silver, copper, brass, nickel, and tin. [Illustration: No. 8 “Sanitary Fair” Token] To be sure, the present essay represents but a very modest contribution to the discipline of medallic history. If through the methodological approach of a specific problem it would aid in stimulating further research in this little cultivated field, the author would consider this a highly gratifying reward. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Prisoners of War in General William E. S. Flory, Prisoners of War: A Study in the Development of International Law. Washington, D. C.: American Council on Public Affairs, 1942. A good survey of all legal aspects of the subject, with a selected bibliography. Georges Werner, “Les Prisonniers de Guerre,” in Académie de Droit International: Receuil des Cours, 1928, Vol. I, Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1929, pp. 1-107. Scholarly juridical treatise on all legal problems concerning prisoners of war. Franz von Liszt, Das Völkerrecht. Twelfth edition by Max Fleischmann. Berlin: Julius Springer, 1925, pp. 480-488. The standard German work on International Law, with a selected bibliography. André Warnod, Prisonnier de Guerre: Notes et Croquis Rapportés d’Allemagne. Paris: Librairie Charpentier et Fasquelle, 1915.