Suppose the working man has a son in the local militia company, and suppose Mr. Workingman goes out on strike for two or three more nickels per day with which to _buy better food for the young militiaman’s own mother and his little brothers and sisters_. This young man in the militia company can be ordered to shoot or bayonet his own father who, on strike, is struggling for a few cents more with which to buy better food for the humble mother and hungry little brothers and sisters—if the father _on strike_ doesn’t _keep quiet and remain docile_ while the local industrial masters starve him back to his old job at his old wages. The capitalist holds the whip of hunger over the working class father’s back, and the working class son holds a rifle at his own father’s breast. The father must surrender. Thus the young militiaman wrongs his own class, outrages his own father, helps humble his own little brothers and sisters, and spits in his own mother’s face. The war is the _class_ war. The militiamen and policemen are _local soldiers_ ready for orders to shoot their neighbors, friends and relatives in the struggle for existence. In the industrial civil war the capitalist class starve, seduce and bribe the working class to fight BOTH SIDES OF THE BATTLES. The rulers rule. They think—and win BY THINKING. Think it over, young man. Be loyal to your own father and mother and your own brothers and sisters—and your own class. Be class loyal. The _working_ class _themselves_ must save the _working_ class. Read Chapter Ten: “Now, What Shall We Do About It?” NOTE: It is of the greatest importance that the working class reader should learn what his employer does not wish to have him learn concerning value, surplus value, rate of surplus value, profit, rate of profit, profit to capitalist class, profit to individual capitalist employer, division of the spoils of exploitation among capitalists, etc., etc. Mr. Joseph E. Cohen’s small book, _Socialism for Students_, is a model of clearness for the reader who is too busy to read big books and yet wishes to inform himself accurately on the secrets of this legalized robbery. This book (published by Charles H. Kerr and Company, Chicago) is just what a busy worker needs in making a beginning in those economic and sociological studies which will give him a large outlook upon the world and a deep inlook into the mainsprings of human society. [Illustration: Soldiers, cossacks and militiamen are to the capitalist class what beaks are to eagles and tusks are to tigers. ] ----- Footnote 10: On the historical _origin_ of war and of the working class, see Chapter Eleven. Footnote 11: