“The modern newspaper is a Roman arena, a Spanish bull-fight and an English prize fight rolled into one. The popularization of the power to read has made the press the chief instrument of brutality. For a half penny every man, woman and child can stimulate and feed those lusts of blood and physical cruelty which it is the chief aim of civilization to repress and which in their literal modes of realization have been assigned ... to soldiers, butchers, sportsmen, and a few other trained professions.... The most momentous lesson of the [Boer] war is its revelation of the methods by which a knot of men, financiers and politicians can capture the mind of the nation, arouse its passion and impose a policy.”—John A. Hobson: _The Psychology of Jingoism_, pp. 29 and 107. “The Bourses [the European Wall Streets] of the West have made Cairo and Alexandria hunting-grounds for their speculation. Their class owns or influences half the Press of Europe. It influences, and sometimes makes, half the Governments of Europe.”—Frederic Harrison: _National and Social Problems_, p. 208. See also John Bascom: _Social Theories_, pp. 100–116; and W. J. Ghent: _Our Benevolent Feudalism_, Chapter 7. Footnote 12: Census Report, 1900. Vol. II., p. cxcii. Footnote 13: _The Meaning of the Times_, p. 131. Footnote 14: _The Development of the European Nations_, 1870–1900, Vol. II., p. 333. Footnote 15: _The Federalist_, Number 4. (The numbering of _The Federalist_ papers varies slightly in different editions.) Footnote 16: _The Federalist_, Number 6. Footnote 17: _The Theory of Prosperity_, p. 4. Footnote 18: Editorial, Oct. 13, 1909. Footnote 19: May 5, 1909, Chicago, Illinois, at banquet given by the Chicago Association of Commerce; Press reports. Footnote 20: Lester F. Ward, _Dynamic Sociology_, Vol. I., p. 582. Footnote 21: _Sociology and Social Progress_, p. 170. Emphasis mine.—G. R. K. Footnote 22: See Index: “Recruiting.” Footnote 23: For excellent example, see Chapter VI: “Tricked to the Trenches—Then Snubbed,” Fifth Illustration. Footnote 24: W. E. Lecky: _The Map of Life_, pp. 153–54. CHAPTER FOUR. The Cost of War—In Blood and In Cash. SECTION I: THE COST IN BLOOD. “Ez fer war—I call it murder.”—James Russell Lowell.[25] “The hero is a species of assassin.”—Victor Hugo.[26]