And I think it is very important, which mother emphasizes, and I translated it in the FBI report, "idealist," which is not correct. So it is broken down first, pioneer. Second, the membership in the Youth Communist Party. Third, the candidate for the Communist Party. And this third step is eventually for this particular work. Mr. BELIN. As I understand it now, you say there are various stages to become a member of the Communist Party in Russia, is that correct? Mr. MAMANTOV. When mother heard this word from Marina, she couldn't talk to her any more or ask her any questions, because this stage of the person becoming a full time member Communist was most dangerous for the people in Russia or in Latvia or in the Soviet Union. Mr. BELIN. What do you mean by most dangerous? Mrs. GRAVITIS. I mean that this is the most dangerous stage, because this person or during this stage, they are spying on other people. They are spying on other people to gain personal reward from the communistic people. Mr. BELIN. In other words, they had to do certain deeds when they go to the last stage, which is the actual Communist membership, is that it? Mrs. GRAVITIS. Yes. I also said in the previous conversation, which I can assure you that this is true, which I know from my personal experience. When I was teaching from 1940 until 1941, people like this, who were in this particular stage, who were not yet members of the Communist Party, were spying on me, listening behind the door when I was teaching in the class, and this way it is my experience from that. Mr. BELIN. I believe that she said that a very small percentage of the Russians are actual members of the Communist Party, and that it is the screening process that gets memberships, is that correct? Mr. MAMANTOV. Yes. It is a small percent of population are the members, are the actual members of the Communist Party, and to become, they have to gain reward. I mean, they have to be advanced by the individual deed. Mr. BELIN. About what percent are members of the Communist Party? Mr. MAMANTOV. Are you asking her at that time when she left or what it is now? Mr. BELIN. Both. Mrs. GRAVITIS. At that time there were approximately 2 million, which is 1 percent, approximately. And I have read recently that there are approximately 5 or more million people members. Mr. BELIN. But she doesn't know of her own knowledge? Mr. MAMANTOV. She read. She said that she read recently also that there are approximately 20 million of the communistic youth members, or members of the communistic youth organization. Mrs. GRAVITIS. If you don't belong to that organization, you cannot get education. You cannot advance in your educational system. Mr. BELIN. Did Marina Oswald say whether she was a Communist? Mrs. GRAVITIS. She said that when she got married she was expelled from the communistic youth organization, which in Russia is called Komsomol. Mr. BELIN. Did she say why she was expelled?