If Henry V.’s warlike enterprises proved harmful to the development
of English commerce, there is no denying that shipbuilding made some
progress in his reign, though very little is known of the details of
the construction of the vessels. From lists of the ships employed in
his expeditions, it appears that his fleets included “Great Ships,”
the largest of which was the _Jesus_ of 1,000 tons, the others being
the _Holigost_, 760 tons; _Trinity Royal_, 540 tons, and _Christopher
Spayne_, 600 tons; there were also “cogs,” which were rather smaller;
carracks, which were probably foreign built and were prizes of war, the
construction of these vessels not having been then begun in England;
ships, barges, and ballingers, the last being barges. The last three
classes were no doubt impressed merchant vessels, ranging from 500
tons in the case of the ships to 80 tons in the ballingers. In regard
to the “Great Ships,” it is reported[15] that Henry, observing the
superiority of the Castilian and Genoese ships, caused some very large
vessels, called “dromons,” to be built at Southampton, “such as were
never seen in the world before,” says an old writer erroneously, “three
of which had the names of the _Trinity_, _Grace de Dieu_, and _Holy
Ghost_.” Although called dromons it does not follow that they were
similar to the dromons in earlier or contemporary use in the eastern
Mediterranean. The name was given to the latter because of their size
and speed, and it is very likely that Henry V.’s vessels were so named
for similar reasons. Long galleys, called ramberges, were also used
about this time, and the English are said to have become very expert in
their management.
Most of the large English armed ships of the middle of the fifteenth
century were Spanish or Genoese built. A ship was then in existence
carrying four guns on the broadside, fired apparently through ports in
the bulwarks. She was fitted with four masts and a bowsprit, and had
a high forecastle similar to that provided in Italian ships of that
period, but seemingly more a part of the structure of the ship than
was that of the latter. The mainsail bears the arms of the Earl of
Warwick.[16]
A remarkable ship in the history of naval building was the _Great
Harry_, sometimes confounded with the _Henry Grace de Dieu_. The _Great
Harry_ was commenced for Henry VII., and is regarded by many as the
first ship of the British Royal Navy. No doubt the fact that Henry
lived for many years in Brittany, which was then remarkable for its
maritime activity, gave him a greater interest in shipping than most of
his predecessors on the throne professed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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