WHAT I BELIEVE THE TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW SERIES _DÆDALUS, or Science and the Future_ By J. B. S. Haldane _ICARUS, or The Future of Science_ By the Hon. Bertrand Russell, F.R.S. _THE MONGOL IN OUR MIDST_ By F. G. Crookshank, M.D. _Fully Illustrated_ _WIRELESS POSSIBILITIES_ By Prof. A. M. Low. _With four Diagrams_ _TANTALUS, or The Future of Man_ By F. C. S. Schiller _NARCISSUS, An Anatomy of Clothes_ By Gerald Heard. _Illustrated_ _CALLINICUS, A Defence of Chemical Warfare_ By J. B. S. Haldane _THE PASSING OF THE PHANTOMS_ By C. J. Patten, M.A., M.D., Sc.D., F.R.A.I. _QUO VADIMUS? Some Glimpses of the Future_ By E. E. Fournier d’Albe, D.Sc., F.Inst.P. _THE CONQUEST OF CANCER_ By H. W. S. Wright, M.S., F.R.C.S. _LYSISTRATA, or Woman and the Future_ By Anthony M. Ludovici _WHAT I BELIEVE_ By the Hon. Bertrand Russell, F.R.S. _HYPATIA_ By Dora Russell (The Hon. Mrs. Bertrand Russell) _In Preparation_ _PERSEUS, of Dragons_ By H. F. Scott Stokes, M.A. _THE EVOCATION OF GENIUS_ By Alan Porter _THE FUTURE OF SEX_ By Rebecca West _AESCULAPIUS, or Disease and The Man_ By F. G. Crookshank, M.D. E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY WHAT I BELIEVE BY BERTRAND RUSSELL [Illustration] NEW YORK E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY 681 FIFTH AVENUE Copyright, 1925 By E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY _All Rights Reserved_ First Printing, April, 1925 Second Printing, June, 1925 Third Printing, June, 1925 Fourth Printing, March, 1926 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PREFACE In this little book, I have tried to say what I think of man’s place in the universe, and of his possibilities in the way of achieving the good life. In _Icarus_ I expressed my fears; in the following pages I have expressed my hopes. The inconsistency is only apparent. Except in astronomy, mankind have not achieved the art of predicting the future; in human affairs, we can see that there are forces making for happiness, and forces making for misery. We do not know which will prevail, but to act wisely we must be aware of both. _January 1st, 1925_ B. R. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I NATURE AND MAN 1 II THE GOOD LIFE 19 III MORAL RULES 35 IV SALVATION: INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL 55