We will now take up the study of this substance. First, we must get rid of the idea that there is anything else. Substance is all there is. We live, and move, and have our being in substance; we, ourselves, are substance. We must conclude that substance cannot have been created, for that it should have been formed out of nothing is unthinkable. Substance always was; forms have been created, and are being continually created, changed, and modified; but the substance of which those forms are made is the same, yesterday and today and forever. When I speak of forms, I mean the so-called “material” universe; suns, stars, planets, seas, continents, trees, plants, gases, and the bodies of animals and men; all these are varying forms of the One Changeless Substance, which is all, and in all. And as this substance has existed through all of time past, so it will exist through all of time future, for it is indestructible; we may change its forms, but not one particle of it can we destroy. Does this substance occupy all of space? Evidently not, for the more nearly we carry its forms to their original state the more fluid they become; we go from solids back to gases, and from gases to ether, and so on; and we conclude that the one substance must be perfectly fluid, and if that be so, its particles cannot be solidly pressed together; there must be space between them, as in all fluids. Furthermore, if substance filled _all_ space motion would be impossible; for substance can only move when there is unoccupied space to move into. And as we know that there is motion, so we know that there must be empty space. This is a matter of some importance when we come to the study of consciousness; for if one substance completely filled all space, it must be absolutely solid, with its atoms pressed rigidly against each other; and not only could there be no motion in any part, but there could be no separate consciousness in any part; if consciousness were possible at all in a perfectly solid substance, it could only be the consciousness of the whole. But if there is empty space, there is not only room for motion, but there is room for separate portions of substance, which may be conscious within themselves. If there is empty space, there is room for man, as a separate portion of original substance to move about and to have a consciousness of his own. There may be more than one conscious intelligence, though there is only one substance. We close this chapter with the claim that we have demonstrated the existence of three realities: time, space and a substance which moves in space. The next chapter will be devoted to the consideration of consciousness. IV. CONSCIOUSNESS.