William Oughtred: A Great Seventeenth-Century Teacher of MathematicsCajori, Florian
History
William Oughtred: A Great Seventeenth-Century Teacher of Mathematics
Cajori, Florian
Mathematicians -- Biography; Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- History -- 17th century; Oughtred, William, 1575-1660
Mr. Oughtred in his Clavis, contents himself (for the most part) with
the solution of Quadratick Equations, without proceeding (or very
sparingly) to Cubick Equations, and those of Higher Powers; having
designed that Work for an Introduction into Algebra so far, leaving the
Discussion of Superior Equations for another work. . . . . He contents
himself likewise in Resolving Equations, to take notice of the
Affirmative or Positive Roots; omitting the Negative or Ablative Roots,
and such as are called Imaginary or Impossible Roots. And of those
which, he calls Ambiguous Equations, (as having more Affirmative Roots
than one,) he doth not (that I remember) any where take notice of more
than Two Affirmative Roots: (Because in Quadratick Equations, which are
those he handleth, there are indeed no more.) Whereas yet in Cubick
Equations, there may be Three, and in those of Higher Powers, yet more.
Which Vieta was well aware of, and mentioneth in some of his Writings;
and of which Mr. Oughtred could not be ignorant.
“CIRCLES OF PROPORTION” AND “TRIGONOMETRIE”
Oughtred wrote and had published three important mathematical books, the
Clavis, the Circles of Proportion,[37] and a Trigonometrie.[38] This last
appeared in the year 1657 at London, in both Latin and English.
It is claimed that the trigonometry was “neither finished nor published
by himself, but collected out of his scattered papers; and though he
connived at the printing it, yet imperfectly done, as appears by his
MSS.; and one of the printed Books, corrected by his own Hand.”[39]
Doubtless more accurate on this point is a letter of Richard Stokes who
saw the book through the press:
I have procured your Trigonometry to be written over in a fair hand,
which when finished I will send to you, to know if it be according to
your mind; for I intend (since you were pleased to give your assent) to
endeavour to print it with Mr. Briggs his Tables, and so soon as I can
get the Prutenic Tables I will turn those of the sun and moon, and send
them to you.[40]
In the preface to the Latin edition Stokes writes:
Since this trigonometry was written for private use without the
intention of having it published, it pleased the Reverend Author,
before allowing it to go to press, to expunge some things, to change
other things and even to make some additions and insert more lucid
methods of exposition.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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