William Shakespeare: A Critical StudyBrandes, Georg
General
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Brandes, Georg
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Criticism and interpretation
Before his day, rhymed couplets of long-drawn fourteen-syllable verse
had been common in drama, and the monotony of these rhymes naturally
hampered the dramatic life of the plays. Shakespeare does not seem at
first to have appreciated Marlowe's reform, or quite to have understood
the importance of this rejection of rhyme in dramatic writing. Little
by little he came fully to realise it. In one of his first plays,
_Love's Labour's Lost,_ there are nearly twice as many rhymed as
unrhymed verses, more than a thousand in all; in his latest works rhyme
has disappeared. There are only two rhymes in _The Tempest_, and in _A
Winters Tale_ none at all.
Similarly, in his first plays (like Victor Hugo in his first Odes),
Shakespeare feels himself bound to make the sense end with the end of
the verse; as time goes on, he gradually learns an ever freer movement.
In _Love's Labour's Lost_ there are eighteen end-stopped verses (in
which the meaning ends with the line) for every one in which the sense
runs on; in _Cymbeline_ and _A Winter's Tale_ they are only about two
to one. This gradual development affords one method of determining the
date of production of otherwise undated plays.
Marlowe seems to have led a wild life in London, and to have been
entirely lacking in the commonplace virtues. He is said to have
indulged in a perpetual round of dissipations, to have been dressed
to-day in silk, to-morrow in rags, and to have lived in audacious
defiance of society and the Church. Certain it is that he was killed
in a brawl when only twenty-nine years old. He is said to have found
a rival in company with his mistress, and to have drawn his dagger to
stab him; but the other, a certain Francis Archer, wrested the dagger
from his grasp, and thrust it through his eye into his brain. It is
further related of him that he was an ardent and aggressive atheist,
who called Moses a juggler and said that Christ deserved death more
than Barabbas. These reports are probable enough. On the other hand,
the assertion that he wrote books against the Trinity and uttered
blasphemies with his latest breath, is evidently inspired by Puritan
hatred for the theatre and everything concerned with it. The sole
authority for these fables is Beard's _Theatre of God's Judgments_
(1597), the work of a clergyman, a fanatical Puritan, which appeared
six years after Marlowe's death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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