Wit and its relation to the unconsciousFreud, Sigmund
Science
Wit and its relation to the unconscious
Freud, Sigmund
Subconsciousness; Wit and humor -- Psychological aspects
Here we no longer discover any double meaning. Even the repetition of
the words “salmon with mayonnaise” cannot contain the technique of the
witticism, as it is not the “manifold application of the same material,”
but an actual, identical repetition required by the context. We may be
temporarily nonplussed in this analysis, and, as a pretext, we may wish
to dispute the character of the wit in the anecdote which causes us to
laugh. What else worthy of notice can be said about the answer of the
poor man? It may be supposed that the striking thing about it is its
logical character, but, as a matter of fact, the answer is illogical.
The debtor endeavors to justify himself for spending the borrowed money
on luxuries and asks, with some semblance of right, when he is to be
allowed to eat salmon. But this is not at all the correct answer. The
creditor does not blame him for eating salmon on the day that he
borrowed the money, but reminds him that in his condition he has no
right to think of such luxuries at all. The poor _bon vivant_ disregards
this only possible meaning of the reproach, centers his answer about
another point, and acts as if he did not understand the reproach.
Is it possible that the technique of this joke lies in this deviation of
the answer from the sense of reproach? A similar changing of the
viewpoint—displacement of the psychic accent—may perhaps also be
demonstrated in the two previous examples which we felt were related to
this one. This can be successfully shown and solves the technique of
these examples. Soulié calls Heine’s attention to the fact that society
worships the “golden calf” in the nineteenth century just as the Jewish
nation once did in the desert. To this an answer from Heine like the
following would seem fit: “Yes, that is human nature. Centuries have
changed nothing in it;” or he might have remarked something equally
apposite. But Heine deviates in his manner from the instigated thought.
Indeed, he does not answer at all. He makes use of the double meaning
found in the phrase “golden calf” to go off at a tangent. He seizes upon
one of the components of the phrase, namely, “the calf,” and answers as
if Soulié’s speech placed the emphasis on it—“Oh, he is no longer a
calf, etc.”[30]
The deviation is much more evident in the bath joke. This example
requires a graphic representation. The first Jew asks, “Have you taken a
_bath_?” The emphasis lies upon the bath element. The second answers as
if the query were: “Have you _taken_ a bath?” The displacement would
have been impossible if the question had been: “Have you bathed?” The
witless answer would have been: “Bathed? What do you mean? I don’t know
what that means.” However, the technique of the wit lies in the
displacement of the emphasis from “to bathe” to “to take.”[31]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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