In almost all the branches women receive considerable less pay than men ~for the same amount of work~. A recent inquiry showed that the average weekly wage in the textile industry was 28 shillings 1 penny for men, and only 15 shillings 5 pence for women.[129] In the bicycle industry where female labor has rapidly increased as a result of the introduction of machinery, women receive only from 12 to 18 shillings per week, where men received from 30 to 40 shillings.[130] The same conditions are met with in the manufacture of paper goods and shoes and in binderies. Women are paid especially low wages for the manufacture of underwear; 10 shillings per week is considered a good wage. “As a rule a woman earns half or one-third of a man’s wage.”[131] A similar difference in remuneration between men and women is met with in the postal service and in teaching. Only in the cotton industry in Lancashire both sexes working an equal length of time earned almost equal wages. In the United States we find the following development of female labor: 1880 1890 1900 Agriculture 594,510 678,884 977,336 Learned professions 177,255 311,687 430,597 Domestic and personal service 1,181,300 1,667,651 2,095,449 Commerce and transportation 63,058 228,421 503,347 Manufacture 631,034 1,027,928 1,312,668 ------------------------------------------------------ % % % Total, women 2,647,157 14.7 3,914,571 17.4 5,319,397 18.8 “ men 14,774,942 85.3 18,821,090 82.6 23,753,836 81.2 ------------------------------------------------------ 17,422,099 100 22,735,661 100 29,073,233 100