"Toutes fames doivent savoir filer et coudre; car la pauvre en aura mestier et la riche conoistra mieux l'oeuvre des autres. A fame ne doit-on apprendre lettre ni escrire, si ce n'est especiaument pour estre nonain, car par lire et escrire, de fame sont maint mal avenu." [42] _Opera Omnia S. Hildegardis_, Tom. 197, Col. 48 of Migne's _Patrologiae Cursus Completus_. Cf. also _Nova S. Hildegardis Opera_, edidit Cardinalis Pitra, Paris, 1882, and _Das Leben und Wirken der Heiligen Hildegardis_, von J. P. Schmelzeis, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1878. [43] It was Peter Lombard, whose _Sentences_ "became the very canon of orthodoxy for all succeeding ages," who, in marked contrast with those of ancient and modern times that regarded woman as the inferior or slave of man, asserted her equality with him in a sentence that should be written in letters of gold. "Woman," he declares, _Sententiarum_, Lib. II, Disp. 18, "was not taken from the head of man, for she was not intended to be his ruler, nor from his foot, for she was not intended to be his slave, but from his side, for she was intended to be his companion and comfort." In this view the great Schoolman but follows the teachings of St. Augustine. For in his commentary, _De Genesi ad Litteram_, Lib. 9, Cap. 13, the learned bishop of Hippo writes: "Quia igitur viro nec domina nec ancilla parabatur, sed socia, nec de capite, nec de pedibus, sed de latere fuerat producenda, ut juxta se producendam cognosceret, quam de suo latere sumptam didecisset." Again the same illustrious doctor declares that woman was formed from man's side in order that it might be manifest that she was created to be united with him in love--in consortium creabatur dilectionis. [44] Cf. _Hortus Deliciarum_, by Herrad de Lansberg, folio with one hundred and ten plates, Strasburg, 1901, and _Herrade de Landsberg_, by Charles Schmidt, Strasburg. The erudite academician, Charles Jourdain, says of Herrad's great work "L'encyclopedie qu'on lui doit, _l'Hortus Deliciarum_, embrasse toutes les parties des connaissances humaines, depuis la science divine jusqu'a l'agriculture et la metrologie, et on s'etonne a bon droit qu'un tel ouvrage, qui supposait une erudition si variee et si methodique, soit sorti d'une plume feminine. Quelle impression produirait aujourd'hui l'annonce d'une encyclopedie qui aurait pour auteur une simple, religieuse? Parlerons-nous des femmes du monde? Il n'existe d'elles, au XXe siecle, non plus que dans les siecles precedents aucun ouvrage comparable a _l'Hortus Deliciarum_." _Excursions Historiques et Philosophiques_, p. 480, Paris, 1888. [45] See _Revelationes Mechtildianae ac Gertrudianae_, edit, Oudin, for the Benedictines at Solesmes, 1875. [46] In her scholarly work on _Woman Under Monasticism_, p. 479, Lina Eckenstein writes as follows regarding the studies pursued in the convents of the Middle Ages: