CLINTON ROGERS WOODRUFF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. EDUCATION 1 II. PUBLIC HEALTH 45 III. THE SOCIAL EVIL 97 IV. RECREATION 131 V. THE ASSIMILATION OF RACES 170 VI. HOUSING 199 VII. SOCIAL SERVICE 220 VIII. CORRECTIONS 259 IX. PUBLIC SAFETY 287 X. CIVIC IMPROVEMENT 293 XI. GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 319 INDEX 339 WOMAN’S WORK IN MUNICIPALITIES CHAPTER I EDUCATION Women’s connection with the schools and the educational system lies both in professional, or official, and volunteer service. We shall consider their professional relation to the schools in the first place, because it is the older. The history of the education of women from the early days, when to educate “shes” was viewed with horror as an immoral proposition, to the present time when more “shes” graduate from the high schools than “hes,” is an interesting record in itself. Even more significant, however, is the fact that both hes and shes are educated largely by women in the secondary schools which are the schools of the “people.” The dominance of women in the secondary schools does not meet with universal approval. The more vigorous of the opponents of the educational monopoly by women argue that women teachers do not comprehend the realities of modern business and political and social life, and are therefore not fitted to give a wide social training to the young, especially to boys.