PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, light (44th in this list); 25-30 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4715; strength, medium (45th in this list); elasticity, medium (41st in this list); hardness, medium (42nd in this list); shrinkage, 4 per cent.; warps ...........; not durable; hard to work, brittle; splits easily in nailing. COMMON USES: Lumber, railway ties, mine timbers. REMARKS: Forms extensive open forests. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 6 LONG-LEAF PINE. GEORGIA PINE. _Pinus palustris_ Miller. _Pinus_, the classical Latin name; _palustris_ means swampy, inappropriate here. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in Louisiana and East Texas. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 80'-100'; diameter, 2'-3'; trunk, straight, clean, branches high; bark, light brown, large, thin, irregular papery scales; leaves 8"-12" long, 3 in a sheath; cones 6"-10" long. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Heart-wood, spring wood light yellow, summer wood, red brown; sap wood, lighter; non-porous; rings, very plain and strongly marked; grain, straight; rays, numerous, conspicuous; very resinous, but resin ducts few and not large. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Heavy (18th in this list); 38 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.6999; very strong (7th in this list); very elastic (4th in this list); hardness, medium (33d in this list); shrinkage, 4 per cent.; warps very little; quite durable; works hard, tough; splits badly in nailing. COMMON USES: Joists, beams, bridge and building trusses, interior finish, ship building, and general construction work. REMARKS: Almost exclusively the source of turpentine, tar, pitch and resin in the United States. Known in the English market as pitch pine. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 7 SHORT-LEAF PINE. YELLOW PINE. _Pinus echinata_ Miller. _Pinus_, the classical Latin name; _echinata_ refers to spiny cones. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in lower Mississippi basin. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Straight, tall trunk, sometimes 100' high; branches high; diameter 2'-4'; bark, pale grayish red-brown, fissures, running helter-skelter, making large irregular plates, covered with small scales; leaves in twos, 3" long; cones small. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, heartwood, summer wood, red, spring-wood, yellow; sap-wood, lighter; non-porous; annual rings very plain, sharp contrast between spring and summer wood; grain, straight, coarse; rays, numerous, conspicuous; very resinous, ducts large and many.