APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pinkish brown, sap-wood, cream white; non-porous; rings, distinct; grain, straight; rays, numerous, obscure; resin ducts, numerous, large and conspicuous. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, very light (61st in this list); 22 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.3684; strength, weak (59th in this list); elasticity, medium (56th in this list); soft (53d in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps little; durable; easily worked; splits little, nails well. COMMON USES: Carpentry, interior finish, doors, blinds, shingles, barrels, etc. REMARKS: Exudes a sweet substance from heart-wood. A magnificent and important lumber tree on Pacific coast. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 4 NORWAY PINE. RED PINE. Red refers to color of bark. _Pinus resinosa_ Solander. _Pinus_, the classical Latin name; _resinosa_ refers to very resinous wood. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); grows best in northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 70'-90'; diameter, 2'-3'; tall, straight; branches in whorls, low; bark, thin, scaly, purplish and reddish-brown; longitudinal furrows, broad flat ridges; leaves, in twos in long sheaths; cones, 2". APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color of wood, pale red, sap-wood, wide, whitish; non-porous; rings summer wood broad, dark; grain, straight; rays, numerous, pronounced, thin; very resinous, but ducts small and few. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, light, (43d in this list); 31 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4854; strong (39th in this list); elastic (16th in this list); soft (48th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps moderately; not durable; easy to work; splits readily, nails well. COMMON USES: Piles, electric wire poles, masts, flooring. REMARKS: Often sold with and as white pine. Resembles Scotch pine (_Pinus sylvestris_). Bark used to some extent for tanning. Grows in open groves. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 5 WESTERN YELLOW PINE. BULL PINE. Bull refers to great size of trunk. _Pinus ponderosa_ Lawson. _Pinus_, the classical Latin name; _ponderosa_ refers to great size of trunk. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in Rocky Mountains. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 100' to 300'; diameter, 6' to even 12'; branches, low, short trunk; bark, thick, dark brown, deep, meandering furrows, large, irregular plates, scaly; leaves, in twos or threes, 5" to 11" long; cones 3" to 6" long. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light red, sap-wood, thick, nearly white, and very distinct; non-porous; rings, conspicuous; grain, straight; rays, numerous, obscure; very resinous but ducts small.