APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, dark orange, sapwood lighter; non-porous; annual rings, plain, sharp contrast between spring wood and summer wood; grain, straight; rays numerous, rather prominent; very resinous, but ducts few. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Heavy (7th in this list); 39 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.7504; very strong (6th in this list); very elastic (3d in this list); hard (24th in this list); shrinkage, 4 per cent.; warps little; quite durable; troublesome to work; splits along annual rings in nailing. COMMON USES: Heavy construction, ship building, railroad ties, docks, bridges, house trim. REMARKS: Similar to and often sold as Long-leaf Pine. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 10 TAMARACK. LARCH. HACKMATACK. _Larix laricina_ (Du Roi) Koch. _Larix americana_ Michaux. _Larix_, the classical Latin name. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); prefers swamps, "Tamarack swamps." [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 50'-60' and even 90', diameter 1'-3'; intolerant; tall, slender trunk; bark, cinnamon brown, no ridges, breaking into flakes; leaves, deciduous, pea-green, in tufts; cone, 1/2"-3/4", bright brown. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light brown, sapwood hardly distinguishable; non-porous; rings, summer wood, thin but distinct, dark colored; grain, straight, coarse; rays, numerous, hardly distinguishable; very resinous, but ducts few and small. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, medium (29th in this list); 39 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.6236; strong (24th in this list); elastic (11th in this list); medium hard (40th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps .........; very durable; easy to work; splits easily. COMMON USES: Ship building, electric wire poles, and railroad ties; used for boat ribs because of its naturally crooked knees; slenderness prevents common use as lumber. REMARKS: Tree desolate looking in winter. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 11 WESTERN LARCH. TAMARACK. _Larix occidentalis_ Nuttall. _Larix_, the classical Latin name; _occidentalis_ means western. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in northern Montana and Idaho, on high elevations. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 90'-130', even 250'; diameter 6'-8'; tall, slender, naked trunk, with branches high; bark, cinnamon red or purplish, often 12" thick, breaking into irregular plates, often 2' long; leaves, in tufts; deciduous; cones small. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light red, thin, whitish, sap-wood; non-porous; grain, straight, fine; rays numerous, thin; very resinous, but ducts small and obscure.