REMARKS: Forms forests in swamps; subject to a fungous disease, making wood "peggy" or "pecky"; use largely determined by its durability. In New Orleans 90,000 fresh water cisterns are said to be made of it. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 24 WESTERN RED CEDAR. CANOE CEDAR. GIANT ARBORVITAE. _Thuja plicata_ D. Don. _Thuya gigantea_ Nuttall. _Thuya_ or _Thuja_, the classical Greek name; _plicata_ refers to the folded leaves; _gigantea_ refers to the gigantic size of the tree. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in Puget Sound region. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 100'-200'; diameter, 2'-10', even 15'; trunk has immense buttresses, often 16' in diameter, then tapers; branches, horizontal, short, making a dense conical tree; bark, bright cinnamon red, shallow fissures, broad ridges, peeling into long, narrow, stringy scales; leaves, very small, overlapping in 4 ranks, on older twigs, sharper and more remote; cones, _1/2"_ long, small, erect. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, dull brown or red, thin sap-wood nearly white; non-porous; rings, summer bands thin, dark colored, distinct; grain, straight, rather coarse; rays, numerous, obscure; non-resinous. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very light in weight (60th in this list); medium strong (40th in this list); elastic (26th in this list); soft (60th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps and checks little; very durable; easy to work; splits easily. COMMON USES: Interior finish, cabinet making, cooperage, shingles, electric wire poles. REMARKS: Wood used by Indians for war canoes, totems and planks for lodges; inner bark used for ropes and textiles. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 25 WHITE CEDAR. _Chamaecyparis thyoides_ (Linnaeus) B. S. P. _Chamaecyparis_ means low cypress; _thyoides_ means like _thuya_ (_Aborvitae_). [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in Virginia and North Carolina. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 60'-80'; diameter, 2'-4'; branches, low, often forming impenetrable thickets; bark, light reddish brown, many fine longitudinal fissures, often spirally twisted around stem; leaves, scale-like, four-ranked; cones, globular, 1/4" diameter. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pink to brown, sap-wood lighter; non-porous; rings, sharp and distinct; grain, straight; rays, numerous, obscure; non-resinous. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very light in weight (64th in this list); 23 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.3322); weak (64th in this list); brittle (63d in this list; soft (62d in this list); shrinkage 3 per cent.; warps little; extremely durable; easily worked; splits easily; nails well. COMMON USES: Boats, shingles, posts, railway ties, cooperage.