REMARKS: Grows chiefly in swamps, often in dense pure forests. Uses determined largely by its durability. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 26 LAWSON CYPRESS. PORT ORFORD CEDAR. OREGON CEDAR. WHITE CEDAR. _Chamaecyparis lawsoniana_ (A. Murray) Parlatore. _Chamaecyparis_ means low cypress. [Illustration: Habitat.] [Illustration: Leaf.] HABITAT: (See map); best on coast of Oregon. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 100'-200'; diameter, 4'-8', even 12'; base of trunk abruptly enlarged; bark, very thick, even 10" at base of trunk, inner and outer layers distinct, very deep fissures, rounded ridges; leaves, very small, 1/16" long, four-ranked, overlapped, flat sprays; cones, small, 1/4", globular. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pinkish brown, sap-wood hardly distinguishable; non-porous; rings, summer wood thin, not conspicuous; grain, straight, close; rays, numerous, very obscure; non-resinous. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Light in weight (46th in this list); 28 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4621; strong (25th in this list); elastic (12th in this list); soft (50th in this list); shrinkage 3 or 4 per cent.; warps little; durable; easily worked; splits easily. COMMON USES: Matches (almost exclusively on the Pacific Coast), interior finish, ship and boat building. REMARKS: Resin, a powerful diuretic and insecticide. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 27 RED CEDAR. _Juniperus virginiana_ Linnaeus. _Juniperus_, the classical Latin name; _virginiana_, in honor of the State of Virginia. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in Gulf States in swamps, especially on the west coast of Florida. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 40'-50', even 80'; diameter, 1'-2'; trunk, ridged, sometimes expanded; branches, low; bark, light brown, loose, ragged, separating into long, narrow, persistent, stringy scales; leaves, opposite, of two kinds, awl-shaped, and scale-shaped; fruit, dark blue berry. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, dull red, sap-wood white; non-porous; rings, easily distinguished; grain, straight; rays, numerous, very obscure; non-resinous. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very light in weight (42d in this list); 30 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4826; medium strong (43d in this list); brittle (61st in this list); medium hard (34th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps little; very durable; easy to work; splits readily, takes nails well. COMMON USES: Pencils, chests, cigar boxes, pails, interior finish. REMARKS: Fragrant. Pencils are made almost exclusively of this wood, because it is light, strong, stiff, straight and fine-grained and easily whittled; supply being rapidly depleted. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.]