Wright Brothers National Memorial, North CarolinaEast, Omega G.
History
Wright Brothers National Memorial, North Carolina
East, Omega G.
Wright Brothers National Memorial (N.C.); Wright, Orville, 1871-1948; Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912
It was 9 o’clock the following night before the schooner reached the
wharf at Kitty Hawk. Though hungry and aching from the strain of holding
on while the schooner rolled and pitched, Wilbur did not go ashore until
the next morning.
[Illustration: Tom Tate, drumfish, and Wright 1900 glider. A
familiar figure in camp, young Tom, on one occasion, was lifted into
the air on the glider.]
Later, Orville joined Wilbur at Kitty Hawk where both brothers boarded
and lodged with the family of William J. Tate until October 4, when they
set up their own camp about half a mile away from the village. Native
Outer Bankers showed only mild interest in the Wrights’ hopes of flying,
but they became excited when they learned that the brothers were keeping
in their tent, as fuel for a newfangled gasoline cookstove, the first
barrel of gasoline ever taken to the Kitty Hawk area. Fearing an
explosion, local folk warily warned their children to keep well away
from the brothers’ tent. Orville was the cook while in camp; to Wilbur
fell the dishwashing chore. Orville always felt that he had the better
of the bargain.
[Illustration: The 1900 glider flying as a kite.]
The new glider was a double-decker with a span of about 17 feet, and a
total lifting area of 165 square feet. Its weight with operator was 190
pounds. It cost $15 to make. The uprights were jointed to the top and
bottom wings with flexible hinges, and the glider was trussed with steel
wires laterally, but not in the fore-and-aft direction. The operator,
lying prone on the lower wing to lessen head resistance, maintained
lateral equilibrium by tightening a key wire which, in turn, tightened
every other wire, applying twist to the wingtips. The glider had no
tail. Its wing curvature was less than Lilienthal had used.
Wilbur and Orville placed the horizontal operative rudder or elevator in
front to provide longitudinal stability. They believed that by placing
it in front they would have more up-and-down control to forestall nose
dives similar to those that had killed Lilienthal and Pilcher. The
Wrights did not invent the elevator. They did use it to more advantage
than had earlier experimenters: it was in front of the wings; it was
operative instead of fixed; and it flexed to present a convex surface to
the air, instead of a flat surface.
The Wrights first flew the glider in the open as a kite. They held it
with two ropes and operated the balancing system by cords from the
ground. The first day’s experiments were attempted with a man on board,
using a derrick erected on a hill just south of their camp. The glider
was not flown from the derrick again at Kitty Hawk after the first day’s
tests. On days when the wind was too light to support a man on the
glider, they used chain for ballast or flew the machine as a kite in the
open without ballast.
[Illustration: The brothers spent 3 days repairing the 1900 glider,
wrecked by wind on Oct. 10, 1900.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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